This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-release, and the previous version, bash-5.2-rc4. 1. Changes to Bash 2. Changes to Readline a. When replacing a history entry, make sure the existing entry has a non-NULL timestamp before copying it; it may have been added by the application, not the history library. 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc4, and the previous version, bash-5.2-rc3. 1. Changes to Bash a. Changed how the compatibility mode enabling of extglob works in conjunction with parsing conditional commands. b. Fixed a problem with aliases containing command substitutions. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc3, and the previous version, bash-5.2-rc2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Added a compatibility mode feature that causes the parser to parse command substitutions as if extglob were enabled. If it is enabled before execution, parse at execution will succeed. If not, the subsequent execution parse will fail. b. Fixed an issue with handling a `return' executed in a trap action if the trap is executed while running in a shell function. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline a. Readline now checks for changes to locale settings (LC_ALL/LC_CTYPE/LANG) each time it is called, and modifies the appropriate locale-specific display and key binding variables when the locale changes. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc2, and the previous version, bash-5.2-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could disable history saving after a compound array assignment in an interactive shell. b. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect error messages when running a DEBUG trap during a conditional or arithmetic command. c. Fixed a bug that caused test to print an error message when given ! ! arg as arguments. d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect error messages when completing a backquoted command substitution. e. Changed command substitution parsing to reproduce the original text more closely when reconsituting the command string from the parsed command. f. Fixed a bug that could cause an EXIT trap to use the wrong variable context when the errexit option is set. g. Fixed a bug that could cause the parser to incorrectly delimit a token when an alias expansion ended with a multibyte character. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash a. Since there is no `declare -' equivalent of `local -', make sure to use `local -' in the output of `local -p'. b. Null anchored matches in pattern substitution now process `&' in the replacement string, like sed. 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-rc1, and the previous version, bash-5.2-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Changes to `wait -p' and how it sets the variable name in the presence of valid and invalid PID arguments. b. Fixed a bug that caused compgen to dump core if the completion engine was not initialized. c. Fixed a memory leak in the variable name programmable completion code. d. Here-documents and here-strings use tempfiles if the shell compatibility level is 50 or lower. e. Non-interactive shells exit on a syntax error encountered while parsing a command substitution. f. Fixed a bug with inherited parser state while parsing a command substitution. g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to check for terminating signals after executing the command_string supplied with `-c' and before executing the exit trap. h. Changes to avoid a make race condition while generating builtins.c. i. Make it explicit that BASH_REMATCH is always a global variable, and that local copies are (currently) ignored. j. Fixed a bug that caused an ambiguous redirection (>&word) to be printed incorrectly (>&word) if no file descriptor was supplied. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused rl_eof_found to be set prematurely while reading a multi-character key sequence in callback mode. 3. New Features in Bash a. In posix mode, the `printf' builtin checks for the `L' length modifier and uses long double for floating point conversion specifiers if it's present, double otherwise. b. The `globbing' completion code now takes the `globstar' option into account. c. `suspend -f' now forces the shell to suspend even if job control is not currently enabled. 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.2-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a problem with command-oriented history and multi-line commands that caused embedded blank lines to be run together. b. Changed the way `&' is quoted when performing pattern substitution and `patsub_replacement' is enabled. c. Fixed some integer overflows when expanding strings or reading the output of command substitution larger than 2GB. d. `wait -p' without the `-n' option now does something useful if there are no jobs. e. Fixed an issue with read timeouts in posix mode. f. Changed here-document processing to process $'...' and $"..." only when they appear in the WORD portion of ${PARAM OP WORD} in the here-document body and the body is being expanded. g. Changed alias expansion in command substitution to be posix-conformant (performed while initially parsing the command substitution) when in posix mode. h. Bash optimizes away more forks in subshells. i. Here-document construction now performs quote removal on the here-document delimiter only if it's marked as quoted, which prevents quote characters in command substitutions from being removed. j. Prompt string expansion now gives invisible characters in the expansion of the \w, \W, and \s escape sequences a visible representation to avoid problems with redisplay. k. Fixed a problem with SIGINT during the execution of a command bound with `bind -x' affecting the saved terminal settings. l. Fixed an inconsistency with how $@ expands in a construct like ${@:+set} or ${array[@]:+set} in the presence of null positional parameters or array elements. 2. Changes to Readline a. Prevent some display problems when running a command as the result of a trap or one bound using `bind -x' and the command generates output. b. Fixed an issue with multi-line prompt strings that have one or more invisible characters at the end of a physical line. c. Fixed an issue that caused a history line's undo list to be cleared when it should not have been. 3. New Features in Bash a. There is a new bindable readline command name: `vi-edit-and-execute-command'. 4. New Features in Readline a. Two new bindable string variables: active-region-start-color and active-region-end-color. The first sets the color used to display the active region; the second turns it off. If set, these are used in place of terminal standout mode. b. New readline state (RL_STATE_EOF) and application-visible variable (rl_eof_found) to allow applications to detect when readline reads EOF before calling the deprep-terminal hook. c. There is a new configuration option: --with-shared-termcap-library, which forces linking the shared readline library with the shared termcap (or curses/ncurses/termlib) library so applications don't have to do it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.2-alpha, and the previous version, bash-5.1-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that assigned a value to the variable name supplied as an argument to `wait -p' when there were no jobs. b. Fixed a bug that resulted in performing incorrect word expansion on the key/value pairs in a compound array assignment. c. Fixed a bug that could put the child forked to run a command substitution into the wrong process group. d. Fixed a problem that could cause the lastpipe option to work incorrectly if file descriptor 0 was closed. e. Bash tries to suppress traps if a forked child receives a trapped signal before it has a chance to reset its signal handlers. f. Fixed several memory leaks in compound array assignments. g. Fixed a problem with performing an assignment with `+=' to an array element that was the value of a nameref. h. Fixed a bug that could cause a nameref containing an array reference using `@' or `*' not to expand to multiple words. i. Fixed a bug where extended glob functions could match `.' or `..' when it wasn't explicitly specified, even if dotglob was set. j. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive posix-mode shells not to exit on a variable assignment error while assigning into the temporary environment. k. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors if an alias contained a compound array assignment. l. Fixed a couple of instances where bash checked syntax too aggressively when trying to determine how to add a partial command to command-oriented history. m. Fixed a parser problem that caused it not to allow reserved words to follow the `((' and `[[' commands. n. Fixed a bad offset calculation when using negative offsets to `history -d'. o. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused a read past the end of a buffer when reading a multibyte character from the output of a command substitution. p. Fixed a problem with a failed `exec' command not setting $? to the right value for an exit trap. q. Fixed a problem that caused bash not to unlink FIFOs created as part of expanding redirections for an external command. r. Fixed a bug that could cause aliases not to be expanded in case statements. s. Fixed a bug that could cause word completion to attempt programmable completion for the target of a redirection, instead of filename completion. t. Fixed a bug that could result in errors after rebinding a key sequence with `bind -x' multiple times. u. Fixed a problem that could result in not quoting the result when performing command name completion with a glob pattern in the command name. v. `mapfile' now uses fully-buffered reads in more cases, which should improve bulk read performance. w. Fixed a bug that caused `wait -n' to not reset its internal state when interrupted by a signal, resulting in subsequent calls failing. x. Fixed a bug with parsing numeric arguments to readline key sequences installed with `bind -x'. y. Bash suppresses forking in several additional cases, including most uses of $( 128 in the current encoding. hh. Fixed a problem that could cause the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if an expansion error occurred. ii. Fixed a bug in the bash malloc implementation of malloc_usable_size. Bash did not use it, but it could cause problems with library functions that did. jj. If the `exec' builtin fails, and the shell does not exit, it restores trapped signals to their trapped state. kk. Fixed a bug that could cause variable assignment arguments to `declare' to expand variables using attributes that the call to declare was turning off. ll. Fixed a bug with LINENO and arithmetic for commands. mm. Fixed a posix-mode bug that caused tildes not to be expanded after an unquoted colon on the right side of an assignment statement. nn. Fixed a problem with `caller' and line numbers when executing an ERR trap. oo. Fixed a problem that could make the value returned by ${a:=b} not be the final value assigned to a (e.g., if `a' has an attribute that modifies the value on assignment). pp. Fixed a problem with saving multi-line here-documents to the history list where the here-document delimiter does not appear on the first line. qq. Fixed a bug with using += to assign to dynamic variables like RANDOM. rr. Fixed a bug that caused `set -n' to modify $? if set after execution had started. ss. Builtins like printf/read/wait now behave more consistently when assigning arbitrary keys to associative arrays (like `]'. when appropriately quoted). tt. Fixed a problem with here-document collection printing the wrong prompt when parsing a compound list in an interactive shell. uu. Fixed a problem with quoting shell expansion characters (like `$') when they appear in a tab-completed word along with characters that do need quoting (e.g.. $HOME/VirtualBox VMs). 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem with cleaning up active marks when using callback mode. b. Fixed a problem with arithmetic comparison operators checking the version. c. Fixed a problem that could cause readline not to build on systems without POSIX signal functions. d. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash if the application removed the callback line handler before readline read all typeahead. e. Added additional checks for read errors in the middle of readline commands. f. Fixed a redisplay problem that occurred when switching from the digit- argument prompt `(arg: N)' back to the regular prompt and the regular prompt contained invisible characters. g. Fixed a problem with restoring the prompt when aborting an incremental search. h. Fix a problem with characters > 128 not being displayed correctly in certain single-byte encodings. i. Fixed a problem with unix-filename-rubout that caused it to delete too much when applied to a pathname consisting only of one or more slashes. j. Fixed a display problem that caused the prompt to be wrapped incorrectly if the screen changed dimensions during a call to readline() and the prompt became longer than the screen width. k. Fixed a problem that caused the \r output by turning off bracketed paste to overwrite the line if terminal echo was disabled. l. Fixed a bug that could cause colored-completion-prefix to not display if completion-prefix-display-length was set. m. Fixed a problem with line wrapping prompts when a group of invisible characters runs to the right edge of the screen and the prompt extends longer then the screen width. n. Fixed a couple problems that could cause rl_end to be set incorrectly by transpose-words. 3. New Features in Bash a. The bash malloc returns memory that is aligned on 16-byte boundaries. b. There is a new internal timer framework used for read builtin timeouts. c. Rewrote the command substitution parsing code to call the parser recursively and rebuild the command string from the parsed command. This allows better syntax checking and catches errors much earlier. Along with this, if command substitution parsing completes with here-documents remaining to be read, the shell prints a warning message and reads the here-document bodies from the current input stream. d. The `ulimit' builtin now treats an operand remaining after all of the options and arguments are parsed as an argument to the last command specified by an option. This is for POSIX compatibility. e. Here-document parsing now handles $'...' and $"..." quoting when reading the here-document body. f. The `shell-expand-line' and `history-and-alias-expand-line' bindable readline commands now understand $'...' and $"..." quoting. g. There is a new `spell-correct-word' bindable readline command to perform spelling correction on the current word. h. The `unset' builtin now attempts to treat arguments as array subscripts without parsing or expanding the subscript, even when `assoc_expand_once' is not set. i. There is a default value for $BASH_LOADABLES_PATH in config-top.h. j. Associative array assignment and certain instances of referencing (e.g., `test -v') now allow `@' and `*' to be used as keys. k. Bash attempts to expand indexed and associative array subscripts only once when executing shell constructs and word expansions. l. The `unset' builtin allows a subscript of `@' or `*' to unset a key with that value for associative arrays instead of unsetting the entire array (which you can still do with `unset arrayname'). For indexed arrays, it removes all elements of the array without unsetting it (like `A=()'). m. Additional builtins (printf/test/read/wait) do a better job of not parsing array subscripts if array_expand_once is set. n. New READLINE_ARGUMENT variable set to numeric argument for readline commands defined using `bind -x'. o. The new `varredir_close' shell option causes bash to automatically close file descriptors opened with {var}&WORD- redirection has WORD expand to the empty string, treat the redirection as [N]<&- or [N]>&- and close file descriptor N (default 0). w. Invalid parameter transformation operators are now invalid word expansions, and so cause fatal errors in non-interactive shells. x. New shell option: patsub_replacement. When enabled, a `&' in the replacement string of the pattern substitution expansion is replaced by the portion of the string that matched the pattern. Backslash will escape the `&' and insert a literal `&'. y. `command -p' no longer looks in the hash table for the specified command. z. The new `--enable-translatable-strings' option to `configure' allows $"..." support to be compiled in or out. aa. The new `globskipdots' shell option forces pathname expansion never to return `.' or `..' unless explicitly matched. It is enabled by default. bb. Array references using `@' and `*' that are the value of nameref variables (declare -n ref='v[@]' ; echo $ref) no longer cause the shell to exit if set -u is enabled and the array (v) is unset. 4. New Features in Readline a. There is now an HS_HISTORY_VERSION containing the version number of the history library for applications to use. b. History expansion better understands multiple history expansions that may contain strings that would ordinarily inhibit history expansion (e.g., `abc!$!$'). c. There is a new framework for readline timeouts, including new public functions to set timeouts and query how much time is remaining before a timeout hits, and a hook function that can trigger when readline times out. There is a new state value to indicate a timeout. d. Automatically bind termcap key sequences for page-up and page-down to history-search-backward and history-search-forward, respectively. e. There is a new `fetch-history' bindable command that retrieves the history entry corresponding to its numeric argument. Negative arguments count back from the end of the history. f. `vi-undo' is now a bindable command. g. There is a new option: `enable-active-region'. This separates control of the active region and bracketed-paste. It has the same default value as bracketed-paste, and enabling bracketed paste enables the active region. Users can now turn off the active region while leaving bracketed paste enabled. h. rl_completer_word_break_characters is now `const char *' like rl_basic_word_break_characters. i. Readline looks in $LS_COLORS for a custom filename extension (*.readline-colored-completion-prefix) and uses that as the default color for the common prefix displayed when `colored-completion-prefix' is set. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc3, and the previous version, bash-5.1-rc2. 1. Changes to Bash a. The `assoc_expand_once' option now affects the evaluation of the -v primary to test and the [[ compound command. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that could cause point to be set beyond the end of the line buffer when aborting an incremental search. 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc2, and the previous version, bash-5.1-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Process substitutions started from an interactive shell no longer have their standard input implicitly redirected from /dev/null. b. Fixed an issue with setting the SIGINT trap handler in an interactive shell when temporarily running $PROMPT_COMMAND non-interactively. 2. Changes to Readline a. Terminals that are named "dumb" or unknown do not enable bracketed paste by default. b. Ensure that disabling bracketed paste turns off highlighting the incremental search string when the search is successful. 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-rc1, and the previous version, bash-5.1-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed an inconsistency in the way HISTCMD is calculated when it's expanded during a multi-line command. b. Modified the change to here-document expansion containing backslash-quoted double quotes. c. Fixed a case where the shells's exit status could be greater than 255. d. Modified changed to process substitution so the executed command has its stdin redirected from /dev/null if it was previously interactive and reading commands from the terminal. 2. New Features in Bash a. There is a new contributed loadable builtin: asort. 3. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that could cause an application with an application-specific redisplay function to crash if the line data structures had not been initialized. 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.1-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused name references to variables to not update the referenced variable's assignment side effects. b. Tightened up the parameter transformation error checking for invalid transformation operators. c. System-specific changes for: FreeBSD d. A few minor changes to move potential uses of stdio functions out of signal handling paths. e. Make sure SIGCHLD is blocked in all cases where waitchld() is not called from a signal handler. f. Changed `command' builtin processing so it no longer starts an extra process when run asynchronously (command x &). g. Avoid performing tilde expansion after `:' in words that look like assignment statements when in posix mode. h. Slight changes to how the `complete' builtin prints out options and actions for completion specifications. i. Several changes to how `local -' restores the values of options and $SHELLOPTS. j. Don't treat a word in a compound assignment as an assignment statement unless it has a valid subscript before the `='. k. Fixed a bug with the DEBUG trap and process substitution that caused the terminal's process group to be set incorrectly. l. Fixed a bug that left readline's signal handlers installed while running a shell command from a bindable readline command. m. Fixed the `fc' builtin to clamp out of range history specifications at the boundaries of the history list for POSIX conformance. n. Fixed a bug that caused ${foo@a} to treat foo as an unset variable if it was an array without a value for subscript 0/"0" but had other set elements. o. Fixed a bug that caused the history code to attempt to parse command substitutions looking for shell comments before adding them to the history, even while parsing here-documents. p. Fixed a bug that could cause a syntax error in a command read by `eval' to exit an interactive shell. 2. New Features in Bash a. If the hash builtin is listing hashed filenames portably, don't print anything if the table is empty. b. GLOBIGNORE now ignores `.' and `..' as a terminal pathname component. c. Bash attempts to optimize away forks in the last command in a function body under appropriate circumstances. d. The globbing code now uses fnmatch(3) to check collation elements (if available) even in cases without multibyte characters. e. The `fg' and `bg' builtins now return an error in a command substitution when asked to restart a job inherited from the parent shell. f. The shell now attempts to unlink all FIFOs on exit, whether a consuming process has finished with them or not. 3. Changes to Readline a. Make sure that all undo groups are closed when leaving vi insertion mode. b. Make sure that the vi-mode `C' and `c' commands enter insert mode even if the motion command doesn't have any effect. c. Fixed several potential memory leaks in the callback mode context handling. d. If readline is handling a SIGTTOU, make sure SIGTTOU is blocked while executing the terminal cleanup code, since it's no longer run in a signal handling context. 4. New Features in Readline a. The signal cleanup code now blocks SIGINT while processing after a SIGINT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.1-alpha, and the previous version, bash-5.0-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused a posix-mode shell to not exit if the return builtin was executed outside a function or dot script. b. Fixed a bug where `declare +f' could potentially turn off the function attribute. c. Restored bash-4.4 pathname expansion behavior when a word to be expanded had only backslashes, not any of the other globbing characters. This came after an extensive POSIX group discussion (interp #1234). d. There are more changes to avoid performing word expansions multiple times on arithmetic expressions. e. Fixed a bug with alias expansion when the alias ends with a TAB. f. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion to return an error if the shell function name supplied as an argument to `complete -F' was invalid. g. There are several fixes to buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing with random input. h. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute-command editing command to start with the previous history line if invoked on an empty line. i. Fixed a bug that potentially caused `bind --help' to change readline's output stream. j. Turning off posix mode now restores the vi-insertion mode binding for TAB that was in effect when posix mode was enabled. k. Restore the previous state of job control being enabled if `exec' fails in an interactive shell. l. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal's process group to be set incorrectly if job control was turned off before starting an interactive shell. m. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when HISTSIZE=0. n. Fixed a word expansion bug that caused null strings on the rhs of expansions to be discarded incorrectly. o. History list management does a better job of handling the situation where the number of history entries from the current shell session is greater than the number of entries in the history list. p. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to attempt to dereference a newly- freed history entry. q. Fixed a bug that made the `Q' variable transformation not work well with `set -u'. r. There are several word expansion fixes for expanding $* and $@ in contexts where word splitting is not going to be performed, since each positional parameter must expand to a separate word. s. Fixed a bug that could cause ^D to exit bash immediately even if there were stopped jobs. t. Fixed a bug with double-quoting and backslash-quoting strings containing multibyte characters for reuse. u. Fixed a bug that caused the line number to be reported incorrectly if the shell executed a (command) subshell. v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fail to reap process substitutions when they went out of scope, which had unpredictable results. w. Fixed a bug that caused null strings in arguments to [[ conditional command operators to compare incorrectly. x. Changed the behavior of `wait' without arguments to only wait for background processes the current shell instance started, not background children it may have inherited. y. Fixed a bug that could cause command substitution to leave file descriptors open if the shell received many SIGINTs. z. Bash now behaves better if the `**' filename expansion operator encounters a symbolic link to a directory, avoiding more cases where it might return duplicate pathnames. aa. Programmable completion now canonicalizes directory names in the same way as bash word completion, so `..' is handled consistently. bb. Fixed a bug when using RETURN as the delimiter to the read builtin; it caused readline to set the binding for RETURN incorrectly. cc. Fixed a bug that caused `history -d' to delay printing an out-of-range error message. dd. Fixed a bug with `bash -c command' where `command' ends with an expanded alias. ee. Fixed a bug that could result in `history -n' adding spurious line feeds to commands in the history list. ff. The $RANDOM random number generator now XORs the top and bottom halves of the internal 32-bit value to introduce more randomness. Setting the shell compatibility level to 50 or lower undoes this. gg. Fixed several problems caused by running the DEBUG trap on simple commands executed as part of a pipeline. ii. Fixed a bug that didn't allow `bind -r' to remove the binding for \C-@. jj. Several fixes to the bash-backward-shellword bindable readline command to behave better when at the last character on the line. kk. If `set -x' is enabled, bash doesn't print a command twice if it's run by the `command' builtin. ll. Fixed a bug with printing function definitions containing here documents. mm. Fixed a bug that could cause the `bind' builtin to set $? to -1. nn. Fixed a bug that didn't reset the timezone information correctly when the TZ variable was unset. oo. Fixed several issues with assigning an associative array variable using a compound assignment that expands the value of the same variable. pp. Fixed several places where the shell set $? without setting PIPESTATUS. qq. Fixed a problem with glob bracket expressions containing invalid character classes, collating symbols, or equivalence classes -- they should not require a closing right bracket. rr. Fixed a bug where running a builtin in a subshell did not run the EXIT trap. ss. Fixed several problems with posix-mode variable assignments preceding shell function calls and posix special builtins, so that they create and modify variables at the current scope. tt. Fix history initialization so `bash +o history' works as expected. uu. Fixed a bug in the bindable edit-and-execute-command command that could interfere with the shell's parsing state. vv. Fixed an issue with nested traps running command substitutions in command lines with command substitutions. ww. Fixed a bug with globbing pathnames that contain invalid multibyte characters (sequences that don't correspond to a character in the current locale). xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to exit if a function definition failed while errexit was enabled. yy. Process substitution processes now get their input from /dev/null, since they are asynchronous, not interactive, and not jobs. zz. Setting nocaseglob no longer turns on case-insensitive regexp matching. aaa. Fixed a bug that resulted in extra blank lines being added to some history entries containing here-documents. bbb. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect matching of some patterns in word expansion if they expanded to the empty string. ccc. Fixed here-string expansion so it behaves the same as expansion of the rhs of an assignment statement. ddd. Changed here-document parsing to no longer allow the end of the here document to delimit a command substitution. eee. Several fixes to history expansion: multiple :p modifiers work, a ^ word designator works as part of a range, and a `-' is treated as part of a search string if it immediately follows a `!'. fff. Fixed a bug in pattern substitution with null matches in a string containing multibyte characters. ggg. Unbinding a key sequence bound with `bind -x' now removes the key sequence from the additional keymap `bind -x' uses. hhh. Fixed a bug with command start detection for completion so that it doesn't mistake brace expansion for the start of a command. iii. Fixed a bug that caused local variables with the same name as variables appearing in a function's temporary environment to not be marked as local. jjj. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD to be blocked when executing return or exec in the rightmost pipeline element with lastpipe enabled. kkk. Fixed a bug that could result in commands without the execute bit set being added to the command hash table. lll. Fixed a bug that allowed non-digits to follow the `#' in a `base#number' integer constant. mmm. Fixed a bug that made `time -- command' attempt to execute `--'. nnn. Fixed a couple of bugs with variable transformation using arrays subscripted with `*' or `@'. ooo. A failure to create a variable using `declare' in a function no longer causes the function to return immediately. ppp. Fixed a bug that could cause the := word expansion to add a non-null value if attempting to assign a null string when double-quoted. qqq. Fixed a bug that could cause backslashes quoting double quotes in here document bodies to not be removed when expanding the body. rrr. Fixed a bug that caused commands following a subshell while the shell is reading input from stdin but not interactive, while job control is enabled, to be executed twice. sss. Fixed a bug where receiving SIGTERM from a different process while readline was active could cause the shell to terminate. ttt. In posix mode, running a trap after the read builtin now sees the exit status of the read builtin (e.g., 130 after a SIGINT) in $?. uuu. Fixed a bug with nameref variables referencing array subscripts used in arithmetic expressions. vvv. Fixed a bug that caused the pipeline process group id to be reset in the middle of a command list run by a shell started to run a command substitution. www. Restricted shells can no longer read and write history files with pathnames containing slashes. xxx. Fixed a couple of problems with 0 and -0 used as arguments to `fc' when not listing commands from the history. yyy. When `test' is supplied four or more arguments, treat an argument that looks like an operator (e.g., -e), but is in a place where only a string is valid, as a string, as it would be when using the POSIX rules, instead of an operator with a missing argument. zzz. There is no `compat50' shopt option. Changes to the shell compatibility level should use the BASH_COMPAT variable. aaaa. Redirection failures with compound commands are now treated as errors that cause the shell to exit if `errexit' is enabled. bbbb. Redirection failure error messages no longer expand the word in the redirection again. cccc. History expansion is no longer performed while parsing a here-document inside a command substitution. 2. Changes to Readline a. There are a number of fixes that were found as the result of fuzzing with random input. b. Changed the revert-all-at-newline behavior to make sure to start at the end of the history list when doing it, instead of the line where the user hit return. c. When parsing `set' commands from the inputrc file or an application, readline now allows trailing whitespace. d. Fixed a bug that left a file descriptor open to the history file if the file size was 0. e. Fixed a problem with binding key sequences containing meta characters. f. Fixed a bug that caused the wrong line to be displayed if the user tried to move back beyond the beginning of the history list, or forward past the end of the history list. g. If readline catches SIGTSTP, it now sets a hook that allows the calling application to handle it if it desires. h. Fixed a redisplay problem with a prompt string containing embedded newlines. i. Fixed a problem with completing filenames containing invalid multibyte sequences when case-insensitive comparisons are enabled. j. Fixed a redisplay problem with prompt strings containing invisible multibyte characters. k. Fixed a problem with multibyte characters mapped to editing commands that modify the search string in incremental search. l. Fixed a bug with maintaining the key sequence while resolving a bound command in the presence of ambiguous sequences (sequences with a common prefix), in most cases while attempting to unbind it. m. Fixed several buffer overflows found as the result of fuzzing. n. Reworked backslash handling when translating key sequences for key binding to be more uniform and consistent, which introduces a slight backwards incompatibility. o. Fixed a bug with saving the history that resulted in errors not being propagated to the calling application when the history file is not writable. p. Readline only calls chown(2) on a newly-written history file if it really needs to, instead of having it be a no-op. q. Readline now behaves better when operate-and-get-next is used when the history list is `full': when there are already $HISTSIZE entries. r. Fixed a bug that could cause vi redo (`.') of a replace command not to work correctly in the C or POSIX locale. s. Fixed a bug with vi-mode digit arguments that caused the last command to be set incorrectly. This prevents yank-last-arg from working as intended, for example. 3. New Features in Bash a. `bind -x' now supports different bindings for different editing modes and keymaps. b. Bash attempts to optimize the number of times it forks when executing commands in subshells and from `bash -c'. c. Here documents and here strings now use pipes for the expanded document if it's smaller than the pipe buffer size, reverting to temporary files if it's larger. d. There are new loadable builtins: mktemp, accept, mkfifo, csv, cut/lcut e. In posix mode, `trap -p' now displays signals whose disposition is SIG_DFL and those that were SIG_IGN when the shell starts. f. The shell now expands the history number (e.g., in PS1) even if it is not currently saving commands to the history list. g. `read -e' may now be used with arbitrary file descriptors (`read -u N'). h. The `select' builtin now runs traps if its internal call to the read builtin is interrupted by a signal. i. SRANDOM: a new variable that expands to a 32-bit random number that is not produced by an LCRNG, and uses getrandom/getentropy, falling back to /dev/urandom or arc4random if available. There is a fallback generator if none of these are available. j. shell-transpose-words: a new bindable readline command that uses the same definition of word as shell-forward-word, etc. k. The shell now adds default bindings for shell-forward-word, shell-backward-word, shell-transpose-words, and shell-kill-word. l. Bash now allows ARGV0 appearing in the initial shell environment to set $0. m. If `unset' is executed without option arguments, bash tries to unset a shell function if a name argument cannot be a shell variable name because it's not an identifier. n. The `test -N' operator uses nanosecond timestamp granularity if it's available. o. Bash posix mode now treats assignment statements preceding shell function definitions the same as in its default mode, since POSIX has changed and no longer requires those assignments to persist after the function returns (POSIX interp 654). p. BASH_REMATCH is no longer readonly. q. wait: has a new -p VARNAME option, which stores the PID returned by `wait -n' or `wait' without arguments. r. Sorting the results of pathname expansion now uses byte-by-byte comparisons if two strings collate equally to impose a total order; the result of a POSIX interpretation (#963 and #1070). s. Bash now allows SIGINT trap handlers to execute recursively. t. Bash now saves and restores state around setting and unsetting posix mode, instead of having unsetting posix mode set a known state. u. Process substitution is now available in posix mode. v. READLINE_MARK: a new variable available while executing commands bound with `bind -x', contains the value of the mark. w. Bash removes SIGCHLD from the set of blocked signals if it's blocked at shell startup. x. `test -v N' can now test whether or not positional parameter N is set. y. `local' now honors the `-p' option to display all local variables at the current context. z. The `@a' variable transformation now prints attributes for unset array variables. aa. The `@A' variable transformation now prints a declare command that sets a variable's attributes if the variable has attributes but is unset. bb. `declare' and `local' now have a -I option that inherits attributes and value from a variable with the same name at a previous scope. cc. When run from a -c command, `jobs' now reports the status of completed jobs. dd. New `U', `u', and `L' parameter transformations to convert to uppercase, convert first character to uppercase, and convert to lowercase, respectively. ee. PROMPT_COMMAND: can now be an array variable, each element of which can contain a command to be executed like a string PROMPT_COMMAND variable. ff. `ulimit' has a -R option to report and set the RLIMIT_RTTIME resource. gg. Associative arrays may be assigned using a list of key-value pairs within a compound assignment. Compound assignments where the words are not of the form [key]=value are assumed to be key-value assignments. A missing or empty key is an error; a missing value is treated as NULL. Assignments may not mix the two forms. hh. New `K' parameter transformation to display associative arrays as key- value pairs. ii. Writing history to syslog now handles messages longer than the syslog max length by writing multiple messages with a sequence number. jj. SECONDS and RANDOM may now be assigned using arithmetic expressions, since they are nominally integer variables. LINENO is not an integer variable. kk. Bash temporarily suppresses the verbose option when running the DEBUG trap while running a command from the `fc' builtin. ll. `wait -n' now accepts a list of job specifications as arguments and will wait for the first one in the list to change state. mm. The associative array implementation can now dynamically increase the size of the hash table based on insertion patterns. nn. HISTFILE is now readonly in a restricted shell. oo. The bash malloc now returns memory that is 16-byte aligned on 64-bit systems. 4. New Features in Readline a. If a second consecutive completion attempt produces matches where the first did not, treat it as a new completion attempt and insert a match as appropriate. b. Bracketed paste mode works in more places: incremental search strings, vi overstrike mode, character search, and reading numeric arguments. c. Readline automatically switches to horizontal scrolling if the terminal has only one line. d. Unbinding all key sequences bound to a particular readline function now descends into keymaps for multi-key sequences. e. rl-clear-display: new bindable command that clears the screen and, if possible, the scrollback buffer (bound to emacs mode M-C-l by default). f. New active mark and face feature: when enabled, it will highlight the text inserted by a bracketed paste (the `active region') and the text found by incremental and non-incremental history searches. This is tied to bracketed paste and can be disabled by turning off bracketed paste. g. Readline sets the mark in several additional commands. h. Bracketed paste mode is enabled by default. i. Readline tries to take advantage of the more regular structure of UTF-8 characters to identify the beginning and end of characters when moving through the line buffer. j. The bindable operate-and-get-next command (and its default bindings) are now part of readline instead of a bash-specific addition. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-release, and the previous version, bash-5.0-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Tilde expansion isn't performed on indexed array subscripts, even for backwards compatibility. b. The shell doesn't exit in posix mode if the eval builtin gets a parse error when run by the command builtin. c. Fixed a bug that caused a shell comment in an alias to not find the end of the alias properly. d. Reverted a change from April, 2018 that caused strings containing backslashes to be flagged as glob patterns. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-rc1, and the previous version, bash-5.0-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fix to initial word completion detection code. b. Fixed a bug that caused issues with assignment statements containing ^A in the value assigned when IFS contains ^A. c. Added a fallback to fnmatch() when strcoll can't correctly deal with bracket expression character equivalence classes. d. Fixed a bug that caused $BASH_COMMAND to contain the trap handler command when running a trap handler containing [[ or (( commands. e. Fixed a bug that caused nameref assignments in the temporary environment to potentially create variables with invalid names. f. Fixed a bug that caused `local -' to turn off alias expansion in scripts. g. Fixed a parser issue with a command string containing EOF after an invalid command as an argument to a special builtin not causing a posix-mode shell to exit. h. Made a slight change to the FNV-1 string hash algorithm used for associative arrays (corrected the initial seed). 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash a. The `select' command now supports command forms without a word list following `in'. 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta2, and the previous version, bash-5.0-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could cause a seg fault while parsing a subshell command inside a command substitution. b. Fixed several small memory leaks uncovered by coverity. c. Fixed a problem with command substitution inside an interactive shell that could cause the parent to receive a SIGHUP. d. Fixed a problem with using `*' and `@' as subscripts when assigning values to an associative array with assoc_expand_once enabled. e. Fixed a bug that could cause a huge memory allocation when completing a word beginning with an invalid tilde expansion. f. Cleaned up some incompatibilities with bash-4.4 when expanding indexed array subscripts used in arithmetic expansions when assoc_expand_once is enabled. g. The ${parameter@a} expansion will display attributes even if `parameter' is unset. h. Fixed a bug that caused the output of `set' to cut off some variables before printing the value. i. Treat a failure to assign a variable when using the ${x:=value} expansion as an expansion error, so non-interactive posix-mode shells exit j. Fixed a problem when expanding $* in a context where word splitting is not performed when IFS is NULL. k. Temp files used to store here documents are forced readable, no matter what the user's umask says. l. Fixed a problem where an interrupted brace expansion could cause the shell to attempt to free an invalid memory location. m. Make sure to check for any terminating signals after running a trap handler; don't wait until the next time we process traps. n. Fixed a bug that caused "return" to act like a special builtin with respect to variable assignments even when preceded by "command". o. POSIX-mode shells now return failure if the cd builtin fails due to the absolute directory name being longer than PATH_MAX, instead of trying again with a relative pathname. p. Fixed a problem with FUNCNAME occasionally being visible when not executing a shell function. q. Fixed a problem with the expansions performed on the WORD in the case command. r. Fixed a slight POSIX compatibility when removing "IFS whitespace" during word splitting and the read builtin. s. Fixed a problem with expanding an array with subscript `*' when all the elements expand to the empty string, and making sure the expansion honors the `:' specifier. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug with adding multibyte characters to an incremental search string. b. Fixed a bug with redoing text insertions in vi mode. c. Fixed a bug with pasting text into an incremental search string if bracketed paste mode is enabled. ESC cannot be one of the incremental search terminator characters for this to work. d. Fixed a bug with anchored search patterns when performing searches in vi mode. 3. New Features in Bash a. Associative and indexed arrays now allow subscripts consisting solely of whitespace. b. `checkwinsize' is now enabled by default. c. The `localvar_unset' shopt option is now visible and documented. d. The `progcomp_alias' shopt option is now visible and documented. e. The signal name processing code now understands `SIGRTMIN+n' all the way up to SIGRTMAX. f. There is a new `seq' loadable builtin. g. Trap execution now honors the (internal) max invocations of `eval', since traps are supposed to be executed as if using `eval'. h. The $_ variable doesn't change when the shell executes a command that forks. i. The `kill' builtin now supports -sSIGNAME and -nSIGNUM, even though conforming applications aren't supposed to use them. j. POSIX mode now enables the `shift_verbose' option. 4. New Features in Readline a. Readline now allows application-defined keymap names; there is a new public function, rl_set_keymap_name(), to do that. b. The "Insert" keypad key, if available, now puts readline into overwrite mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-beta, and the previous version, bash-5.0-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells to "inherit" enclosing loops -- this is where POSIX says the subshell is not "enclosed" by the loop. b. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding. c. In POSIX mode, assignments preceding regular builtins should not persist when the builtin completes. d. Added additional checks to special array assignment (e.g., BASH_ALIASES) so it can't be used to bypass validity checks performed in other places. e. The `!!' history expansion now refers to the previous history entry as expected, even if used on the second or subsequent line of a multi-line history entry. f. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dereference a NULL pointer if the environment (`environ') is set to NULL. g. Bash uses slightly better integer overflow handling for brace sequence expansion on systems where ints are 32 bits and intmax_t is 64 bits. h. Fixed a bug setting attributes for a variable named as an argument to `declare' that also appears as a nameref in the temporary environment. i. Fixed several bugs that could cause assignments to namerefs to create variables with invalid names. j. Fixed a bug that could result in the SIGINT handler being set incorrectly in asynchronous subshells. k. Fixed a bug that could cause `bash -t' to not execute the specified command. l. Fixed several bugs that caused the shell to operate on the wrong variable when using namerefs with the same name as a global variable in shell functions. m. Internal changes to how the shell handles variables with invalid names in the initial environment and to prevent variables with invalid names from being added to the environment instead of passing them on to children. n. Changes to make sure that an expansion that results in a quoted null string is reflected in the expansion, even if the word expands to nothing. o. Changes to make sure that $* and ${array[*]} (and $@/${array[@]}) expand the same way after the recent changes for POSIX interpretation 888. p. Saving and restoring the positional parameters at function entry and exit is considerably more efficient; noticeably so when there are large numbers of positional parameters. q. Fixed a bug that caused `lastpipe' and `pipefail' to return an incorrect status for the pipeline if there was more than one external command in a loop body appearing in the last pipeline element. r. Fixed a bug that caused value conversion errors with the printf builtin's %u and %f conversion specifications and invalid constants. 2. Changes to Readline a. Added more UTF-8-specific versions of multibyte functions, and optimized existing functions if the current locale uses UTF-8 encoding. b. Fixed a problem with bracketed-paste inserting more than one character and interacting with other readline functions. c. Fixed a bug that caused the history library to attempt to append a history line to a non-existent history entry. d. If using bracketed paste mode, output a newline after the \r that is the last character of the mode disable string to avoid overwriting output. e. Fixes to the vi-mode `b', `B', `w', `W', `e', and `E' commands to better handle multibyte characters. f. Fixed a redisplay problem that caused an extra newline to be generated on accept-line when the line length is exactly the screenwidth. 3. New Features in Bash a. Bash no longer allows variable assignments preceding a special builtin that changes variable attributes to propagate back to the calling environment unless the compatibility level is 44 or lower. b. You can set the default value for $HISTSIZE at build time in config-top.h. c. The `complete' builtin now accepts a -I option that applies the completion to the initial word on the line. d. The internal bash malloc now uses mmap (if available) to satisfy requests greater than 128K bytes, so free can use mfree to return the pages to the kernel. e. The shell doesn't automatically set BASH_ARGC and BASH_ARGV at startup unless it's in debugging mode, as the documentation has always said, but will dynamically create them if a script references them at the top level without having enabled debugging mode. f. The localvar_inherit option will not attempt to inherit a value from a variable of an incompatible type (indexed vs. associative arrays, for example). g. The `globasciiranges' option is now enabled by default; it can be set to off by default at configuration time. 4. New Features in Readline a. The history expansion library now understands command and process substitution and extended globbing and allows them to appear anywhere in a word. b. The history library has a new variable that allows applications to set the initial quoting state, so quoting state can be inherited from a previous line. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-5.0-alpha, and the previous version, bash-4.4-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could cause traps in background jobs to give the terminal to the wrong process group. b. Fixed a bug that caused `kill -l 0' to print an out-of-range error. c. Fixed a problem that could result in here-documents being displayed in the wrong order. d. Fixed a number of out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via fuzzing. e. Fixed a subshell inheritance problem that could cause a subshell to wait for the wrong process. f. Fixed a bug that caused SHLVL to be incremented one too many times when creating subshells. g. A job dying due to SIGINT can now interrupt sourcing a file in a shell with job control enabled. h. Fixed a spurious warning about unterminated ${ or $( constructs during word completion. i. The shell no longer runs traps if a signal arrives while reading command substitution output. j. Fixed an arithmetic expansion error that could allow ++var++ as valid syntax. k. Fixed an error that allowed out-of-bounds references to the directory stack. l. The shell does a better job of saving multi-line history entries with embedded comments. m. Fixed a bug that could cause quoted bracket expressions in regular expression arguments to `[[' to not match correctly. n. Fixed a bug that could cause an IFS character in a word to result in an extra '\001' character in the expansion. o. A trailing backslash in a glob pattern can match a trailing backslash in the string. p. Fixed a memory leak in the process creation code path when job control is enabled. q. Fixed a bug that caused `printf' to output broken surrogate pairs for Japanese locales. r. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGINT generated from `kill' in a dot script to kill an interactive shell. s. Fixed a bug that could cause the `read' builtin to not fully read a multibyte character. t. Fixed a bug that could cause identifiers to be evaluated in conditional arithmetic expressions even when evaluation is suppressed. u. Fixed a bug that could result in command substitution, when executed in a context where word splitting is not performed, to leave a stray '\001' character in the string. v. Fixed a bug that could cause history expansion to be disabled in a non- interactive shell even if `-o histexpand' is supplied at startup. w. Fixed a bug that caused `read -N' to strip leading whitespace IFS characters. x. Fixed a bug that caused spurious tilde expansion in arithmetic expressions. y. If indirect expansion attempts to indirectly reference through an unset variable, report an error. z. Added a guard to prevent the shell from looping while receiving an endless stream of SIGTTIN at shell startup. aa. Fixed a bug with parsing here documents inside a command substitution when looking for the closing delimiter. bb. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not quote all characters in the current locale when using the `%q' format specifier. cc. Fixed a bug with bash's internal buffered I/O system that caused the input pointer to not be reset when read(2) returned an EOF. dd. Bash now installs its SIGWINCH signal handler with SA_RESTART, so it will not interrupt open/read/write system calls. ee. The ERR trap now reports line numbers more reliably. ff. The shell no longer tries to manipulate the terminal process group if a command or process substitution is killed by SIGTERM when job control is enabled. gg. Fixed a bug that caused extglob patterns to match filenames beginning with a period. hh. File descriptors open for writing to here documents are no longer available to subshells. ii. Make sure word completion doesn't perform command or process substitution. jj. Fixed a bug with parsing $$'...' inside a command substitution. kk. Fixed a bug that caused bash to remove backslash-newline pairs from the body of a here-document with a quoted delimiter inside a command substitution. ll. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang when adding a pid to the table of background process exit statuses. mm. Fixed a bug that could cause 0x01 characters to be doubled in the output of process substitution. nn. Restricted shells now clear the hash table before making the PATH variable read-only. oo. There are a number of changes to the expansion of $* and $@ in contexts where word splitting does not occur (quoted and unquoted), with IFS set to NULL or a non-standard value, mostly to deal with the consequences of the behavior defined in Posix interpretation 888. pp. There are a number of changes to nameref variable handling to avoid creating variables with invalid names. qq. A non-interactive posix mode shell no longer exits when an assignment statement fails if the assignment is utimately being performed by the `command' builtin. rr. When using character class names for globbing, don't allow case insensitivity, even if nocaseglob is enabled. ss. Fixed a bug that allowed some redirections to stay in place if a later redirection failed. tt. Fixed a bug in how command and process substitutions are recognized within other parameter expansions. uu. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop under certain circumstances when performing arithmetic expansion on a variable whose value is an invalid expression. vv. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to expand aliases inappropriately while parsing compound commands like `case'. ww. Fixed a bug that could cause `read -N' to fail to read complete multibyte characters, even when the sequences are incomplete or invalid, with or without readline. xx. Fixed a bug that could cause `case' to fail to match patterns containing 0x01 characters. yy. Fixed a bug that caused exported functions to contain stray 0x01 characters. zz. Fixed some inconsistencies with how the history number is handled in the various prompt strings. aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if READLINE_LINE was unset inside a shell function bound to a key sequence with `bind -x'. bbb. Fixed a bug that could cause bash to not read a token terminator correctly if a command substitution was used inside an arithmetic `for' command. ccc. Fixed problems that could occur with a fatal arithmetic expansion error in a context (like prompt expansion) where you can't jump back to the top level. ddd. Expression errors in arithmetic `for' commands are treated more like shell syntax errors. eee. Fixed a parser synchronization error resulting from a syntax error followed immediately by an EOF. fff. When executing a shell function, the first line in the function ($LINENO) is line 1 instead of line 0, as Posix requires. ggg. In Posix mode, bash will canonicalize the value of PWD it inherits from the environment and use that to set its idea of the current directory. hhh. If LINENO is exported, bash needs to regenerate its value each time it constructs the environment. iii. Fixed a bug with restoring the SIGINT handler when using `wait -n'. jjj. Make sure the `coproc' command returns an appropriate status if the NAME argument is invalid. kkk. Fixed a problem with arithmetic expressions containing array references that contain arithmetic expressions with syntax errors. lll. The `select' command and help builtin will use $COLUMNS before the window size returned from the kernel as the terminal width. mmm. `read -n 0' and `read -N 0' now try a zero-length read in an attempt to detect file descriptor errors. nnn. The `read' builtin now does a better job of acting on signals that don't interrupt read(2). ooo. Fixed some cases where `printf -v' did not return failure status on a variable assignment error. ppp. Fixed temporary environment propagation back to the current environment so that it doesn't happen for special builtins run by the `command' builtin. qqq. Fixed a bug when searching for the end of a here-document delimiter in a command substitution. rrr. Fixed a bug that could cause `cd ${DIRSTACK[0]}' to fail. sss. Fixed a bug that could cause reserved words to not be recognized in a for statement without the `in' inside a command substitution. ttt. Fixed a bug that could cause a double-free in a timed command with an expansion error. uuu. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a script switches from a UTF-8 locale to a different locale after displaying a lone surrogate character. vvv. Fixed cases where bash prematurely removed FIFOs attached to process substitutions. www. Fixed a problem with calculating the size of the table that stores exit statuses from background processes when the child process resource limit is very large. xxx. Fixed a memory leak with functions using `return' when using FIFOs for standard input. yyy. `wait' without arguments attempts to wait for all active process substitution processes. zzz. Fixed a bug where an indirect parameter was subjected to word splitting when trying to find the indirected variable name. aaaa. Fixed a bug that could allow restricted shell users to add commands to the hash table. bbbb. When using the `!(patlist)' extended globbing operator, a filename beginning with a `.' that doesn't match any of the patterns is not returned as a match if leading dots must be matched explicitly. cccc. Fixed a bug that could cause line number and source file information for a function definition to be incorrect if there are multiple definitions. dddd. Fixed a bug that could cause builtins like `readonly' to behave differently when applied to arrays and scalar variables within functions. eeee. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to add an extra space to a quoted string that begins outside the alias expansion. ffff. Fixed a bug that could result in unwanted alias expansion after timing the null command. gggg. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a timestamp in a history file overflowed a time_t. hhhh. Restricted shells can no longer redirect from /dev/tcp or /dev/udp, since the kernel calls make those file descriptors read-write. iiii. Fixed a problem with splitting double-quoted words for programmable completion when the double quote immediately follows another word delimiter. jjjj. Fixed a bug resulting in a use-after-free if two file descriptors share the same input buffer. kkkk. The error message resulting from ${x:?} and ${x?} now differs depending on whether the variable is null or unset. llll. In Posix mode, the shell exits if a variable assignment fails and precedes an empty simple command (after expansion). mmmm. Fixed a timing problem with SIGALRM that could cause the read builtin to drop characters. nnnn. Added code to deal with kill(2) failing to send the shell a fatal signal due to Linux pid namespace peculiarities. oooo. Fixed a bug that made \C-@ (NUL) unusable in key sequences used for `bind -x' commands. pppp. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGINT recursion when running an external command in a trap the shell takes after a command exits due to SIGINT. qqqq. Make sure the shell turns off job control before running the command- not-found handle, so the command doesn't try to manipulate process groups. rrrr. Fixed a problem with timing process substitutions that caused the shell to print timing information for the calling command. ssss. Fixed a bug that caused backquotes in a here-document delimiter to mark the delimiter as quoted (inhibiting expansion of the here-document contents). tttt. Fixed several problems with 0x01 and 0x177 in case pattern lists and conditional command pattern matches. uuuu. Fixed a bug that could cause the pattern matching engine to not recognize locale-specific character classes. vvvv. The auto-configuration now tests for /dev/stdin and /dev/fd independently. wwww. The `globstar' code now skips over symbolic links to directories, preventing them from being scanned twice. xxxx. When running `bind -x' commands, bash now sets READLINE_POINT based on the number of characters in the readline line buffer, not the number of bytes. yyyy. Fixed a problem that could cause recursive trap evaluation of the RETURN trap when using `eval return'. zzzz. Fixed a bug with expanding 0x01 in an unquoted here-document. aaaaa. The process substitution code now closes and unlinks FIFOs when the process on the other side exits, in order to prevent SIGPIPE or waiting until a FIFO opened for read has a writer. bbbbb. Fixed a bug with recursive calls to the parser overwriting the token in an {id}>foo construct. ccccc. After a Posix discussion, the pattern matching engine just skips over invalid character classes in bracket expressions, instead of matching them like individual characters in the expression. ddddd. Fixed a posix-mode problem with variable scoping when creating variables from assignment statements preceding special builtins. eeeee. Fixed a bug that could cause patterns containing backslashes to not be run through the pattern matching engine. fffff. Fixed a bug that could cause redirections to compound commands to not be `undone' if the file descriptor in the redirection was closed when the redirection was initially processed. ggggg. Fixed a bug that could cause buffer corruption when using `bind -x' in a command execute as a result of a key binding installed by `bind -x'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Added a guard to prevent nested macros from causing an infinite expansion loop. b. Instead of allocating enough history list entries to hold the maximum list size, cap the number allocated initially. c. Added a strategy to avoid allocating huge amounts of memory if a block of history entries without timestamps occurs after a block with timestamps. d. Added support for keyboard timeouts when an ESC character is the last character in a macro. e. There are several performance improvements when in a UTF-8 locale. f. Readline does a better job of preserving the original set of blocked signals when using pselect() to wait for input. g. Fixed a bug that caused multibyte characters in macros to be mishandled. h. Fixed several bugs in the code that calculates line breaks when expanding prompts that span several lines, contain multibyte characters, and contain invisible character seqeuences. i. Fixed several bugs in cursor positioning when displaying lines with prompts containing invisible characters and multibyte characters. j. When performing case-insensitive completion, Readline no longer sorts the list of matches unless directed to do so. k. Fixed a problem with key sequences ending with a backslash. l. Fixed out-of-bounds and free memory read errors found via fuzzing. m. Fixed several cases where the mark was set to an invalid value. n. Fixed a problem with the case-changing operators in the case where the lower and upper case versions of a character do not have the same number of bytes. o. Handle incremental and non-incremental search character reads returning EOF. p. Handle the case where a failing readline command at the end of a multi-key sequence could be misinterpreted. q. The history library now prints a meaningful error message if the history file isn't a regular file. r. Fixed a problem with vi-mode redo (`.') on a command when trying to replace a multibyte character. s. The key binding code now attempts to remove a keymap if a key unbinding leaves it empty. t. Fixed a line-wrapping issue that caused problems for some terminal emulators. u. If there is a key bound to the tty's VDISCARD special character, readline disables VDISCARD while it is active. v. Fixed a problem with exiting bracketed paste mode on terminals that assume the bracketed paste mode character sequence contains visible characters. w. Fixed a bug that could cause a key binding command to refer to an uninitialized variable. 3. New Features in Bash a. The `wait' builtin can now wait for the last process substitution created. b. There is an EPOCHSECONDS variable, which expands to the time in seconds since the Unix epoch. c. There is an EPOCHREALTIME variable, which expands to the time in seconds since the Unix epoch with microsecond granularity. d. New loadable builtins: rm, stat, fdflags. e. BASH_ARGV0: a new variable that expands to $0 and sets $0 on assignment. f. When supplied a numeric argument, the shell-expand-line bindable readline command does not perform quote removal and suppresses command and process substitution. g. `history -d' understands negative arguments: negative arguments offset from the end of the history list. h. The `name' argument to the `coproc' reserved word now undergoes word expansion, so unique coprocs can be created in loops. i. A nameref name resolution loop in a function now resolves to a variable by that name in the global scope. j. The `wait' builtin now has a `-f' option, which signifies to wait until the specified job or process terminates, instead of waiting until it changes state. k. There is a define in config-top.h that allows the shell to use a static value for $PATH, overriding whatever is in the environment at startup, for use by the restricted shell. l. Process substitution does not inherit the `v' option, like command substitution. m. If a non-interactive shell with job control enabled detects that a foreground job died due to SIGINT, it acts as if it received the SIGINT. n. The SIGCHLD trap is run once for each exiting child process even if job control is not enabled when the shell is in Posix mode. o. A new shopt option: localvar_inherit; if set, a local variable inherits the value of a variable with the same name at the nearest preceding scope. p. `bind -r' now checks whether a key sequence is bound before binding it to NULL, to avoid creating keymaps for a multi-key sequence. q. A numeric argument to the line editing `operate-and-get-next' command specifies which history entry to use. r. The positional parameters are now assigned before running the shell startup files, so startup files can use $@. s. There is a compile-time option that forces the shell to disable the check for an inherited OLDPWD being a directory. t. The `history' builtin can now delete ranges of history entries using `-d start-end'. u. The `vi-edit-and-execute-command' bindable readline command now puts readline back in vi insertion mode after executing commands from the edited file. v. The command completion code now matches aliases and shell function names case-insensitively if the readline completion-ignore-case variable is set. w. There is a new `assoc_expand_once' shell option that attempts to expand associative array subscripts only once. x. The shell only sets up BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC at startup if extended debugging mode is active. The old behavior of unconditionally setting them is available as part of the shell compatibility options. y. The `umask' builtin now allows modes and masks greater than octal 777. z. The `times' builtin now honors the current locale when printing a decimal point. aa. There is a new (disabled by default, undocumented) shell option to enable and disable sending history to syslog at runtime. 4. New Features in Readline a. Non-incremental vi-mode search (`N', `n') can search for a shell pattern, as Posix specifies (uses fnmatch(3) if available). b. There are new `next-screen-line' and `previous-screen-line' bindable commands, which move the cursor to the same column in the next, or previous, physical line, respectively. c. There are default key bindings for control-arrow-key key combinations. d. A negative argument (-N) to `quoted-insert' means to insert the next N characters using quoted-insert. e. New public function: rl_check_signals(), which allows applications to respond to signals that readline catches while waiting for input using a custom read function. f. There is new support for conditionally testing the readline version in an inputrc file, with a full set of arithmetic comparison operators available. g. There is a simple variable comparison facility available for use within an inputrc file. Allowable operators are equality and inequality; string variables may be compared to a value; boolean variables must be compared to either `on' or `off'; variable names are separated from the operator by whitespace. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-release, and the previous version, bash-4.4-rc2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could potentially result in a crash due to an integer overflow. b. Fixed a bug in where commands printed due to `set -x' could be incorrectly quoted if being printed in contexts where they haven't yet been expanded. c. Fixed several memory leaks. d. Fixed a bug that could potentially cause the terminal attributes to be set incorrectly by a command run from a programmable completion. e. Fixed several potential buffer overflow issues in the word expansion code. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code. b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for subsequent commands. c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary environment. d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is defined as part of another function's execution. e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting is not performed and $IFS is not the default. f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when there are no positional parameters. g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid(). h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command substitutions with embedded double quotes. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the prompt was shorter than the mode string. 3. New Features in Bash a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error. 4. New Features in Readline a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled. b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete line has been read. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}. b. Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with inherited signals. c. Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option as enabled. d. Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in restricted mode. e. Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch for EXECIGNORE. e. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions. f. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with consecutive case statements separated by newlines. g. Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions. h. Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short- circuiting. i. Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries. j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset, and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating and unsetting variables with invalid names. k. Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an associative and an indexed array. l. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the command string. j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying attributes of readonly variables. k. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the terminal's process group incorrectly. l. Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error messages when the `nounset' shell option is set. m. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}"). n. Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary environment. o. Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file. p. Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement. q. Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive shell. r. The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough. s. Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases. t. Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and $4 == ')'. u. Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is not performed. v. Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the pattern matching characters. 2. Changes to Readline a. When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt. b. Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix. c. Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and invisible characters in prompt strings. 3. New Features in Bash a. Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment. b. There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error. c. Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces a warning at build time on many Linux systems. 4. New Features in Readline a. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name). b. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line. c. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output. d. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history expansion. e. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed. f. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and the previous version, bash-4.4-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed several problems with bash completion not special-casing bash syntax constructs. b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables when a variable of the same name appears in the temporary environment. c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a syntax error. d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results even when double-quoted. e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX exited background pids so their status can be queried later. f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2. g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins. h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited from the environment. i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group under certain circumstances. j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when executing commands from the history list. k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators. l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match executable names. m. Fixed a bug where `return' used the wrong exit status when executed in a DEBUG trap. n. Fixed a bug that caused a command containing a here-document and an escaped newline to be stored in the history list incorrectly. o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking other builtins when it should be ignored. p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array variables when used within shell functions. q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions to have access to the command's temporary environment. r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode. s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT while reading commands from a file while executing `.'. t. Fixed a bug that caused the `-o history' option to have no effect when supplied on the command line when starting a new shell. u. Fixed a bug that caused history expansions occurring in command substitutions to not be performed. v. Fixed a bug that caused `eval' run in a non-interactive shell to disable history expansion for the remainder of the shell script, even if the script had previously enabled it. w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to multiple words when IFS is set to the empty string. x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output buffered in the stdio library but not written. y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run an exit trap in a signal handler context. z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution to return the wrong exit status. aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from /dev/null. bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or invalid timestamps. 2. Changes to Readline a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup history file if the history file exists and is a regular file. b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion interface. c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen width. d. Fixed a redisplay bug with prompt strings containing invisible characters whose physical length exceeds the screen width and using incremental search. e. Readline prints more descriptive error messages when it encounters errors while reading an inputrc file. f. Fixed a bug in the character insertion code that attempts to optimize typeahead when it reads a character that is not bound to self-insert and resets the key sequence state. 3. New Features in Bash a. BASH_COMPAT and FUNCNEST can be inherited and set from the shell's initial environment. b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command substitutions to inherit the -e option. By default, those subshells disable -e. It's enabled as part of turning on posix mode. c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after reading a complete command but before executing it. d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child processes. e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion character. f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory. g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution. h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd' builtin. 4. New Features in Readline a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line. b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows multi-line history entries. c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a terminating `:' or whitespace. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.4-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed two bugs that caused out-of-bounds reads when skipping over assignment statements while finding the word on which to perform programmable completion. b. Fixed a memory leak in programmable completion. c. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when interrupting the wait builtin. d. Fixed a bug that caused ${!vvv@} to be interpreted as introducing the new `@' operator. e. Fixed a bug that caused the && and || operators to be incorrectly optimized. f. The shell now undoes redirections before exiting the shell when the `-e' option is enabled, and a shell function fails. g. History expansion now skips over the history expansion character in command and process substitution. h. Fixed a bug that caused stray '\001' characters to be added to the output of `declare -p'. i. Fixed a memory leak when processing declare commands that perform compound array assignments. j. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when reading input from a file and the limit on open file descriptors is high. k. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR and RETURN traps to be unset if they were set in a shell function but unset previously. l. Fixed a bug that caused several signals to be ignored if `exec' failed in an interactive shell. m. A posix-mode non-interactive shell now considers a parameter expansion error to be a fatal error. n. The `time' command now prints timing statistics for failed commands when the -e option is enabled. o. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when attempting to indirectly expand a shell variable with an invalid name. p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when running a trap containing a process substitution. q. Bash now prints the keyword `function' before a function with the same name as a reserved word when using `declare -f' to avoid parse errors when reusing the output as input. r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using declare -g to attempt to redefine an existing global indexed array variable as an associative array. s. Fixed a memory leak that occurred when interrupting brace expansions generating a sequence. t. Fixed a bug that resulted in alias expansion in redirections. u. The `declare -a' and `declare -A' commands now print fewer warnings when attempting to create and initialize an array at the same time, but relying on word expansions to construct the compound assignment. v. The `help' builtin now behaves better in locales where each wide character occupies more than one display column. w. The `read' builtin no longer has a possible race condition when a timeout occurs. x. Fixed several expansion problems encountered when IFS="'". y. Fixed a problem with the expansion of $'\c?'. z. Bash no longer splits the expansion of here-strings, as the documentation has always said. aa. Bash now puts `s' in the value of $- if the shell is reading from standard input, as Posix requires. bb. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with a NULL environment. cc. The shell now only trusts an inherited value for $PWD if it begins with a `/'. dd. Fixed a memory leak when creating local array variables and assigning to them using compound assignment with the `declare' builtin. ee. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when processing nested here documents inside a command substitution. ff. Array keys and values are now displayed using $'...' quoting where appropriate. gg. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if the replacement string in pattern substitution was NULL. hh. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a command substitution contained a non-fatal syntax error. ii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if variable indirection resulted in a NULL variable. jj. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash if a long string contained multiple unterminated parameter expansion constructs. kk. Improved the code that acts on SIGINT received while waiting for a child process only if the child exits due to SIGINT. ll. $BASH_SUBSHELL now has more consistent values in asynchronous simple commands. 2. Changes to Readline a. Colored completion prefixes are now displayed using a different color, less likely to collide with files. b. Fixed a bug that caused vi-mode character search to misbehave when running in callback mode. c. Fixed a bug that caused output to be delayed when input is coming from a macro in vi-mode. d. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `.' command to misbehave when redoing a multi-key key sequence via a macro. e. Fixed a bug that caused problems with applications that supply their own input function when performing completion. f. When read returns -1/EIO when attempting to read a key, return an error instead of line termination back to the caller. g. Updated tty auditing feature based on patch from Red Hat. h. Fixed a bug that could cause the history library to crash on overflows introduced by malicious editing of timestamps in the history file. 3. New Features in Bash a. `make install' now installs the example loadable builtins and a set of bash headers to use when developing new loadable builtins. b. `enable -f' now attempts to call functions named BUILTIN_builtin_load when loading BUILTIN, and BUILTIN_builtin_unload when deleting it. This allows loadable builtins to run initialization and cleanup code. c. There is a new BASH_LOADABLES_PATH variable containing a list of directories where the `enable -f' command looks for shared objects containing loadable builtins. d. The `complete_fullquote' option to `shopt' changes filename completion to quote all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names. e. The `kill' builtin now has a `-L' option, equivalent to `-l', for compatibility with Linux standalone versions of kill. 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-alpha, and the previous version, bash-4.3-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. A bug that caused pipelines to be corrupted while running the DEBUG trap was fixed. b. A bug that accidentally omitted the `-R' unary operator from `test' was fixed. c. A bug that could cause the shell to not restore the terminal's process group on shell exit was fixed. d. Several changes were made to programmable completion to accommodate assumptions made by the bash-completion package. e. Bash no longer inhibits C-style escape processing ($'...') while performing pattern substitution word expansions. f. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed from a trap handler to use the wrong return status when one was not supplied as an argument. g. In Posix mode, defining a function with the same name as a special builtin is now an error, fatal only when the shell is not interactive. h. Fixed a bug that caused compound array assignments to discard unset or null variables used as subscripts, thereby making it appear as if the index was not present. i. Fixed a bug that caused extended glob patterns to incorrectly match filenames with a leading `.'. j. Fixed a bug involving sign extension when reallocating the input line after a history expansion, causing segmentation faults. k. Bash now does a better job at identifying syntax errors during word completion and tailoring completion appropriately. l. Bash now uses the current locale's decimal point in command timing output. m. Fixed a bug that caused segmentation faults while reading here documents if PS2 contains a command substitution. n. There are several changes to how $@ is expanded when unquoted but in a context where word splitting is not performed (e.g., on the rhs of an assignment or in a conditional command). o. Bash now quotes command hash table entries that contain shell metacharacters when displaying hash table contents. p. Fixed a potential file descriptor leak when dup2() fails while performing a redirection. q. Fixed a bug that caused directory names evaluated during word completion to be dequoted twice. r. Fixed several bugs which could result in indirect variable expansion and namerefs creating variables with invalid names or referencing variables set to the empty string. s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not expand $0 in word expansions where it should. t. Fixed a bug that caused bash to perform process substitution if <( appeared inside an arithmetic context. u. Fixed a bug in extglob pattern parsing that caused slashes in the pattern to be confused as directory names. v. Fixed several bugs with treatment of invisible variables (variables with attributes that are unset because they have never been assigned values). w. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to not clean up readline's state when using the -e and -t options together and the read timed out. x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong (but non-zero) value if a command was not found or was not executable. y. Fixed a bug that caused the `time' reserved word to not be recognized as such in all contexts where it should have been. z. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to close process substitution file descriptors when executing a script without the `#!' leading line. aa. Fixed a typo that caused the `compat42' shell option to set the wrong compatibility level. bb. The shell now handles process substitution commands with embedded parentheses the same way as it does when parsing command substitution. cc. Fixed a bug that caused nested pipelines and the `lastpipe' shell option to produce core dumps. dd. Fixed a bug that caused patterns containing `*' to match pathnames in cases where slashes must be matched explicitly. ee. Fixed a problem with patterns containing `:' in colon-separated variables like GLOBIGNORE. ff. Fixed a bug that caused indirect variable expansion using indexed arrays to always use index 0. gg. Fixed a parsing problem that caused quoted newlines immediately following a command substitution to be mishandled in certain cases. hh. Fixed a potential buffer overflow on systems without locale_charset or the bash replacement. ii. Fixed a bug that caused background processes to modify the terminal's process group under certain circumstances. jj. Asynchronous commands now always set $? to 0 and are not affected by whether or not the command's exit status is being inverted. kk. Fixed a problem that caused a line ending with an escaped newline and containingh a prior `eval' to be incorrectly parsed. ll. Fixed an issue with programmable completion and `!' in extglob patterns used as arguments to `compgen -X'. mm. Word completion now treats the two-character token `>|' as requiring filename expansion. nn. Bash no longer expands tildes in $PATH elements while in Posix mode. oo. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not clean up readline's state, including the terminal settings, if it received a fatal signal while in a readline() call (including `read -e' and `read -s'). pp. Fixed bug that caused importing shell functions from the environment to execute additional commands following the function. qq. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to return a lookahead character pushed back by a previous call, even when on another line. rr. Fixed a bug that caused many here-documents or many nested case statements to overflow an internal stack. ss. Changed the way bash encodes exported functions for inclusion in the environment to avoid name collisions with valid variable names and to indicate that they are exported functions. tt. Fixed a bug that could result in an invalid memory access when processing a here document delimited by end of file or end of string. uu. Fixed a bug that could cause an invalid memory access if a command was run before initializing the job control framework. vv. When in Posix mode, bash prints shell function definitions as Posix specifies them, without the leading `function' keyword. ww. The variable attribute display builtins no longer display variables with invalid names that were imported from the environment. xx. Fixed a bug that could allow `break' or `continue' executed from shell functions to affect loops running outside of the function. yy. Fixed a bug that could cause a restricted shell to attempt to import shell functions from the environment. zz. The shell now allows double-quoted identifiers in arithmetic expressions. aaa. Fixed a bug that could allow scalar variables subscripted using [@] in word expansions to be incorrectly quoted. bbb. The shell now makes sure to ignore SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU in child processes if they were ignored at shell startup, even if job control is in effect. ccc. Fixed a bug that could cause $* to be split on spaces when IFS is set to the empty string. ddd. Posix says that expanding $* in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted should not treat $* as if it were double quoted. eee. Bash now restores getopts' internal state between calls to getopts even if a shell function declares a local copy of OPTIND. fff. Fixed a bug that could cause `history -r' or `history -n' to read identical lines from the history file more than once. ggg. The commands executed by `bind -x' now redisplay at most the final line of a multi-line prompt, and those commands may return 124 to indicate that the entire prompt should be redrawn. hhh. Fixed a bug that could cause `mapfile' to create variables with invalid names. iii. The shell only goes into debugging mode when --debugger is supplied if the debugger initialization file is present. jjj. Fixed a bug that disallowed an assignment to (implicit) subscript 0 of an existing array in a declare command that set the readonly attribute. kkk. Fixed a bug that inadvertently allowed assignments to FUNCNAME to disable its special status. lll. Appending to an existing array variable using the compound assignment syntax (var+=(aaa)) should not affect assignments to existing subscripts appearing in the compound assignment. mmm. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to crash when a variable with a null value was passed in the temporary environment and the variable's attributes are modified using `declare' while performing a redirection. nnn. Fixed a bug in printf so that a missing precision specifier after a `.' is treated as 0. ooo. Fixed a bug that attempted to use the internal command timing to time pipeline components if the pipeline elements are separated by newlines. ppp. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -al foo=(ONE TWO THREE)' to not lowercase the values on assignment. qqq. Bash does a better job of determining whether or not files are executable when running on Windows, since the X_OK flag to access(2) is not supported. rrr. Fixed a bug that caused some of the shell's internal traps (e.g., ERR) to be interrupted (and leave incorrect state) by pending SIGINTs. sss. Fixed a bug in the bash interface to history expansion to avoid attempting expansion if the history expansion character occurs in a command substitution. ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the select command to crash if the REPLY variable ends up empty (e.g., if it's made readonly) uuu. Bash handles backslash-quoting of multibyte characters better when quoting output that is intended to be reused. vvv. System-specific changes for: Windows, Cygwin. www. Fixes for upper and lower-casing multibyte characters, some locales have characters whose upper and lowercase versions have different numbers of bytes. xxx. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap in a shell function to have the wrong value for $LINENO. yyy. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect quoting of regexps for the =~ operator when an open brace appears without a close brace. zzz. Fixed a bug in the array unset operation that caused it to attempt to parse embedded single and double quotes. aaaa. Fixed a bug that caused $* to not expand with the first character of $IFS as a separator in a context where word splitting will not take place. bbbb. Fixed two bugs that could cause the shell to dereference a null pointer while attempting to print an error message from arithmetic expansion. cccc. Fixed a bug that resulted in short-circuited evaluation when reading commands from a string ending in an unquoted backslash, or when sourcing a file that ends with an unquoted backslash. dddd. Fixed a bug that resulted in the no-fork optimization not cleaning up any FIFOs created by process substitution. eeee. If the -T option is not set, allow the source builtin and shell functions to set a DEBUG trap that persists after the sourced file or function returns, instead of restoring the old (unset) value unconditionally. ffff. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to not be undone on some syntax errors, e.g., when parsing a command substitution. gggg. Bash only adds asynchronous commands to the table of background pids whose status it remembers, to avoid it growing too large during scripts that create and reap large numbers of child processes. This means that `wait' no longer works on synchronous jobs, but $? can be used to get the exit status in those cases. hhhh. Bash now checks whether or not a shell script argument is a directory before trying to open it; Posix says implementations may allow open(2) on a directory. iiii. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to set the terminal's process group to a background process group when running as part of a pipeline. jjjj. Made a few changes to strings to avoid possible potential negative effects caused by malicious translations. kkkk. Fixed a bug that caused the `unset' builtin to continue to treat its arguments as functions after unsetting a function when invoked with no options. llll. Fixed a bug that would not replace empty strings using pattern substitution even if the pattern matched the empty string. mmmm. Fixed a bug with word completion that prevented some characters from being backslash-quoted (backquote, dollar sign). nnnn. Fixed a bug that prevented a command from the history re-executed by the `fc' builtin from setting verbose mode. oooo. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not enable and disable function tracing with changes to the `extdebug' shell option. pppp. Fixed a bug that caused assignments to nameref variables pointing to unset variables with attributes but no values to create variables with incorrect names. qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on nameref variables (without -n) to unset the wrong variable under certain circumstances. rrrr. Fixed a bug that caused close braces occurring in brace expansions within command substitutions to incorrectly terminate parameter expansions. ssss. Fixed a bug that caused `command -p' to temporarily alter $PATH. tttt. Fixed a bug that caused interactive shells compiled without job control to return incorrect status values for child processes when running a single command that creates enough children to use the entire PID space. uuuu. `esac' should not be recognized as a reserved word when it appears as the second or later pattern in a case statement pattern list. vvvv. Fixed a bug that caused the completion code to read past the end of the readline line buffer while skipping assignment statements to find the command name. wwww. Fixed a bug that caused case statements within loops contained in a command substitution to be parsed incorrectly. xxxx. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGCHLD handling to be delayed after running `wait' with no arguments and interrupting it with ^C without a trap handler installed. 2. Changes to Readline a. A bug that caused vi-mode `.' to be unable to redo `c', `d', and `y' commands with modifiers was fixed. b. Fixed a bug that caused callback mode to dump core when reading a multiple-key sequence (e.g., arrow keys). c. Fixed a bug that caused the redisplay code to erase some of the line when using horizontal scrolling with incremental search. d. Readline's input handler now performs signal processing if read(2) is interrupted by SIGALRM or SIGVTALRM. e. Fixed a problem with revert-all-at-newline freeing freed memory. f. Clarified the documentation for the history_quotes_inhibit_expansion variable to note that it inhibits scanning for the history comment character and that it only affects double-quoted strings. g. Fixed an off-by-one error in the prompt printed when performing searches. h. Use pselect(2), if available, to wait for input before calling read(2), so a SIGWINCH can interrupt it, since it doesn't interrupt read(2). i. Some memory leaks caused by signals interrupting filename completion have been fixed. j. Reading EOF twice on a non-empty line causes EOF to be returned, rather than the partial line. This can cause partial lines to be executed on SIGHUP, for example. k. Fixed a bug concerning deleting multibyte characters from the search string while performing an incremental search. l. Fixed a bug with tilde expanding directory names in filename completion. m. Fixed a bug that did not allow binding sequences beginning with a `\'. n. Fixed a redisplay bug involving incorrect line wrapping when the prompt contains a multibyte character in the last screen column. o. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to disregard characters that are documented to delimit a history event specifier without requiring `:'. p. Fixed a bug that could cause reading past the end of a string when reading the value when binding the set of isearch terminators. q. Fixed a bug that caused readline commands that depend on knowing which key invoked them to misbehave when dispatching key sequences that are prefixes of other key bindings. r. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode. 3. New Features in Bash a. There is now a settable configuration #define that will cause the shell to exit if the shell is running setuid without the -p option and setuid to the real uid fails. b. Command and process substitutions now turn off the `-v' option when executing, as other shells seem to do. c. The default value for the `checkhash' shell option may now be set at compile time with a #define. d. The `mapfile' builtin now has a -d option to use an arbitrary character as the record delimiter, and a -t option to strip the delimiter as supplied with -d. e. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `eval' is now settable in config-top.h; the default is no limit. f. The `-p' option to declare and similar builtins will display attributes for named variables even when those variables have not been assigned values (which are technically unset). g. The maximum number of nested recursive calls to `source' is now settable in config-top.h; the default is no limit. h. All builtin commands recognize the `--help' option and print a usage summary. i. Bash does not allow function names containing `/' and `=' to be exported. j. The `ulimit' builtin has new -k (kqueues) and -P (pseudoterminals) options. k. The shell now allows `time ; othercommand' to time null commands. l. There is a new `--enable-function-import' configuration option to allow importing shell functions from the environment; import is enabled by default. m. `printf -v var ""' will now set `var' to the empty string, as if `var=""' had been executed. n. GLOBIGNORE, the pattern substitution word expansion, and programmable completion match filtering now honor the value of the `nocasematch' option. o. There is a new ${parameter@spec} family of operators to transform the value of `parameter'. p. Bash no longer attempts to perform compound assignment if a variable on the rhs of an assignment statement argument to `declare' has the form of a compound assignment (e.g., w='(word)' ; declare foo=$w); compound assignments are accepted if the variable was already declared as an array, but with a warning. q. The declare builtin no longer displays array variables using the compound assignment syntax with quotes; that will generate warnings when re-used as input, and isn't necessary. r. Executing the rhs of && and || will no longer cause the shell to fork if it's not necessary. s. The `local' builtin takes a new argument: `-', which will cause it to save the single-letter shell options and restore their previous values at function return. t. `complete' and `compgen' have a new `-o nosort' option, which forces readline to not sort the completion matches. u. Bash now allows waiting for the most recent process substitution, since it appears as $!. v. The `unset' builtin now unsets a scalar variable if it is subscripted with a `0', analogous to the ${var[0]} expansion. w. `set -i' is no longer valid, as in other shells. x. BASH_SUBSHELL is now updated for process substitution and group commands in pipelines, and is available with the same value when running any exit trap. y. Bash now checks $INSIDE_EMACS as well as $EMACS when deciding whether or not bash is being run in a GNU Emacs shell window. z. Bash now treats SIGINT received when running a non-builtin command in a loop the way it has traditionally treated running a builtin command: running any trap handler and breaking out of the loop. aa. New variable: EXECIGNORE; a colon-separate list of patterns that will cause matching filenames to be ignored when searching for commands. bb. Aliases whose value ends in a shell metacharacter now expand in a way to allow them to be `pasted' to the next token, which can potentially change the meaning of a command (e.g., turning `&' into `&&'). 4. New Features in Readline a. The history truncation code now uses the same error recovery mechanism as the history writing code, and restores the old version of the history file on error. The error recovery mechanism handles symlinked history files. b. There is a new bindable variable, `enable-bracketed-paste', which enables support for a terminal's bracketed paste mode. c. The editing mode indicators can now be strings and are user-settable (new `emacs-mode-string', `vi-cmd-mode-string' and `vi-ins-mode-string' variables). Mode strings can contain invisible character sequences. Setting mode strings to null strings restores the defaults. d. Prompt expansion adds the mode string to the last line of a multi-line prompt (one with embedded newlines). e. There is a new bindable variable, `colored-completion-prefix', which, if set, causes the common prefix of a set of possible completions to be displayed in color. f. There is a new bindable command `vi-yank-pop', a vi-mode version of emacs- mode yank-pop. g. The redisplay code underwent several efficiency improvements for multibyte locales. h. The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead that maps to self-insert, as long as it is coming from the terminal. i. rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and unset any state set by readline's callback mode. Intended to be used after a signal. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, and the previous version, bash-4.3-rc2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Only Posix-mode shells should exit on an assignment failure in the temporary environment preceding a special builtin. This is how it's been documented. b. Fixed a bug that caused a failed special builtin to not exit a posix-mode shell if the failing builtin was on the LHS of a && or ||. c. Changed the handling of unquoted backslashes in regular expressions to be closer to bash-4.2. d. globstar (**) no longer traverses symbolic links that resolve to directories. This eliminates some duplicate entries. e. Fixed a bug that caused a SIGCHLD trap handler to not be able to change the SIGCHLD disposition. f. Fixed a bug that caused a crash when -x was enabled and a command contained a printable multibyte (wide) character. g. Fixed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled to read invalid data after receiving a SIGINT. h. Fixed a bug that caused command word completion to fail if the directory in $PATH where the completion would be found contained single or double quotes. i. Fixed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in $() multiple times. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused `undo' to reference freed memory or null pointers. 3. New Features in Bash a. The [[ -v ]] option now understands array references (foo[1]) and returns success if the referenced element has a value. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and the previous version, bash-4.3-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that left variables set by printf -v marked as invisible. b. Fixed an off-by-one error in a job control warning message. c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after declaring a nameref variable without a value. d. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous commands to not set $? correctly. e. Fixed a bug that caused out-of-order execution when executing aliases with embedded newlines containing `.' commands. f. Fixed a bug that caused error messages generated by expansion errors in `for' commands to have the wrong line number. g. Fixed a bug that caused the `wait' builtin to not be interruptible in an interactive shell with job control enabled. h. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT and SIGQUIT to not be trappable in asynchronous subshell commands. i. Bash now requires that the value assigned to a nameref variable be a valid shell identifier (variable name or array reference). j. Converting an existing variable to a nameref variable now turns off the -i/-l/-u/-c attributes. k. Displaying a nameref variable with `declare -p' now displays the nameref variable and its value rather than following the nameref chain. l. Fixed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subsequent SIGINT to be ignored by interactive shells. m. Fixed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and array expansions to mishandle (discard) null positional parameters and array elements. n. The shell no longer blocks receipt of signals while running trap handlers for those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursively (running trap handlers while a trap handler is executing). o. The shell now handles backslashes in regular expression arguments to the [[ command's =~ operator slightly differently, resulting in more consistent behavior. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg fault attempting to expand an empty history entry. b. Fixed a bug that caused a bad entry in the $LS_COLORS variable to abort all color processing but leave color enabled. c. Fixed a bug that caused display problems with multi-line prompts containing invisible characters on multiple lines. d. Fixed a bug that caused effects made by undoing changes to a history line to be discarded. 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline a. When creating shared libraries on Mac OS X, the pathname written into the library (install_name) no longer includes the minor version number. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and the previous version, bash-4.3-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be expanded even if the `direxpand' option was not enabled. b. Fixed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells running without line editing and with `ignoreeof' enabled. c. Fixed a bug that could cause failures when opening pipes back to shells created to run process substitutions. d. Fixed a bug that caused an assignment to TEXTDOMAIN to require TEXTDOMAINDIR to be set in order to actually change the current text domain. e. Changed the way redirections are printed to avoid confusion when the target of an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with `>'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Shared library building is now supported on Mac OS X 10.9 (Darwin 13). 3. New Features in Bash a. `cd' has a new `-@' option to browse a file's extended attributes on systems that support O_XATTR. 4. New Features in Readline a. There are additional default key bindings for MinGW32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and the previous version, bash-4.3-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative subscript to result in a segmentation fault. b. Fixed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative subscript to use the incorrect index. c. Fixed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid extended globbing expressions when used with the help builtin. d. Fixed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition cannot be changed to reference uninitialized memory. e. Command completion now skips assignment statements preceding a command name and completes the command. f. Fixed a bug that caused `compgen -f' in a non-interactive shell to dump core under certain circumstances. g. Fixed a bug that caused the `read -N' to misbehave when the input stream contains 0xff. 2. Changes to Readline a. Changed message when an incremental search fails to include "failed" in the prompt and display the entire search string instead of just the last matching portion. b. Fixed a bug that caused an arrow key typed to an incremental search prompt to process the key sequence incorrectly. c. Additional key bindings for arrow keys on MinGW. 3. New Features in Bash a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching (as it did through bash-4.2) if exact string matching fails. b. The fc builtin now interprets -0 as the current command line. c. Completing directory names containing shell variables now adds a trailing slash if the expanded result is a directory. 4. New Features in Readline a. rl_change_environment: new application-settable variable that controls whether or not Readline modifies the environment (currently readline modifies only LINES and COLUMNS). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.3-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in the prompt directory name "trimming" code that caused memory corruption and garbled the results. b. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes that resulted from $'...' quoting in the replacement portion of a double-quoted ${word/pat/rep} expansion to be treated as quote characters. c. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to result in assignment statements following a declaration command to not be expanded like assignment statements. d. Fixed a bug with variable search order in the presence of local variables with the same name as variables in the temporary environment supplied to a shell function. e. Fixed a bug that caused constructs like 1<(2) to be interpreted as process substitutions even in an arithmetic context. f. Fixed several cases where `invisible' variables (variables with attributes but no values, which are technically unset) were treated incorrectly. g. Fixed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the last element to not run the EXIT trap. h. Fixed a bug that caused `unset -n' to not unset a nameref variable in certain cases. i. Fixed the nameref circular reference checking to be less strict and only disallow a nameref variable with the same value as its name at the global scope. j. Fixed a bug that caused trap handlers to be executed recursively, corrupting internal data structures. k. Fixed a bug that could result in bash not compiling if certain options were not enabled. l. Fixed a bug that caused the arithmetic expansion code to attempt variable assignments when operator precedence prohibited them. m. Word expansions like ${foo##bar} now understand indirect variable references. n. Fixed a bug that caused `declare -fp name' to not display a function definition. o. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous child processes to modify the stdin file pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modified the parent's value as well. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow keys to set the saved last vi-mode command to the wrong value. b. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted strings to be scanned incorrectly when being used as the value of a readline variable assignment. c. Fixed a bug with vi mode that prevented `.' from repeating a command entered on a previous line (command). d. Fixed a bug that could cause completion to core dump if it was interrupted by a signal. e. Readline now sends the meta-key enable string to the terminal if the terminal has been successfully initialized. f. Readline now calls the signal hook after resizing the terminal when it receives a SIGWINCH. g. Fixed a bug that could cause the history list code to perform an out-of- bounds array reference if the history list is empty. 3. New Features in Bash a. Shells started to run process substitutions now run any trap set on EXIT. b. There is now a configure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option by default. c. The read builtin now checks its first variable argument for validity before trying to read any input. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha, and the previous version, bash-4.2-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed several bugs concerning incomplete bracket expressions in filename generation (globbing) patterns. b. Fixed a bug with single quotes and WORD in ${param op WORD} when running in Posix mode. c. Fixed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word expansions and case statement word expansion to not match the empty string. d. Fixed a bug that caused the tzset() function to not work after changing the TZ environment variable. e. Fixed a bug that caused the RHS of an assignment statement to undergo word splitting when it contained an unquoted $@. f. Fixed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a SIGINT sent while waiting for a child process to exit. g. Bash doesn't try to run things in a signal handler context when it gets a signal (SIGINT/SIGHUP/etc) while reading input using readline but still be responsive to terminating signals. h. Fixed a bug that caused bash to go into an infinite loop if a filename to be matched contained an invalid multibyte character. i. Fixed a bug that caused PS4 to end up being truncated if it is longer than 128 bytes. j. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to not skip over double-quoted command substitution. k. System-specific updates for: DJGPP, HP/UX, Mac OS X l. Fixed a bug in displaying commands that caused redirections to be associated with the wrong part of the command. m. Fixed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a coproc terminates. n. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to dump core due to incorrect calculation of the last history entry. o. Added workarounds for FreeBSD's implementation of faccessat/eaccess and `test -x'. p. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing control-A. q. Fixed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the `printf' builtin got a write error. r. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly expand words containing multiple consecutive quoted empty strings (""""""aa). s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not correctly parse multi-line process substitutions containing comments and quoted strings. t. Fixed a problem with the bash malloc's internal idea of the top of the memory heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to try to reduce the break and give memory back to the kernel. u. There are changes to the expansions performed on compound array assignments, in an effort to make foo=( [ind1]=bar [ind2]=baz ) identical to foo[ind1]=bar foo[ind2]=baz. v. Bash now reports an error if `read -a name' is used when `name' is an existing associative array. w. Fixed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonly variable in an arithmetic expression to not return failure. x. Fixed several bugs that caused completion functions to be invoked even when the cursor was before the first word in the command. y. Fixed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the parsing state associated with the complete input line. z. Fixed several bugs with the built-in snprintf replacement and field widths and floating point. aa. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect offset calculations and input buffer corruption when reading files longer than 2^31 bytes. bb. Fixed several bugs where bash performed arithmetic evaluation in contexts where evaluation is suppressed. cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close FIFOs used for process substitution too early when a shell function was executing, but protect against using all file descriptors when the shell functions are invoked inside loops. dd. Added checks for printable (and non-printable) multibyte characters for use in error messages. ee. Fixed a bug that caused ^O (operate-and-get-next) to not work correctly at the end of the history list. ff. Fixed a bug that caused command-oriented history to incorrectly combine here documents into one line. gg. Fixed a bug that caused importing SHELLOPTS from the environment into a Posix-mode shell to print an error message and refuse to parse it. hh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to delete an extra history entry when using `history -s'. ii. Fixed a bug that caused floating-point exceptions and overflow errors for the / and % arithmetic operators when using INTMAX_MIN and -1. jj. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic for loop inside a command substitution. kk. Fixed a bug that caused a readonly function to be unset when unset was called without the -f or -v option. ll. Fixed several bugs in the code that quotes characters special to regular expressions when used in a quoted string on the RHS of the =~ operator to the [[ command. mm. Fixed a bug that caused redirections to fail because the file descriptor limit was set to a value less than 10. nn. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to execute code in a signal handler context if read timed out. oo. Fixed a bug that caused extended globbing patterns to not match files beginning with `.' correctly when a `.' was explicitly supplied in the pattern. pp. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences longer than two characters to not work when used with `bind -x'. qq. Fixed a bug that resulted in redefined functions having the wrong source file names in BASH_SOURCE. rr. Fixed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables when using `read -N', which caused core dumps when referenced ss. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -m script' to not enable job control while running the script. tt. Fixed a bug that caused `printf -v var' to dump core when used with the %b format code. uu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit with the wrong status if -e was active and the shell exited on a substitution error. vv. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if an array variable with the same name as an existing associative array was implicitly created by an assignment (declare a[n]=b). ww. Fixed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave if the number specified for a file descriptor overflows an intmax_t. xx. Fixed several bugs with the handling of valid and invalid unicode character values when used with the \u and \U escape sequences to printf and $'...'. yy. Fixed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in expanded filenames, making them subject to later expansion. zz. When using the pattern substitution word expansion, bash now runs the replacement string through quote removal, since it allows quotes in that string to act as escape characters. This is not backwards compatible, so it can be disabled by setting the bash compatibility mode to 4.2. aaa. Fixed the rest of the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a signal handler context. bbb. Fixed a bug that caused spurious DEL characters (\177) to appear in double-quoted expansion where the RHS is evaluated to the empty string. ccc. Fixed a bug that caused the use of the shell's internal random number generator for temporary file names to perturb the random number sequence. ddd. Fixed several bugs that caused `declare -g' to not set the right global variables or to misbehave when declaring global indexed arrays. eee. Fixed a logic bug that caused extended globbing in a multibyte locale to cause failures when using the pattern substititution word expansions. fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `lastpipe' option to corrupt the file descriptor used to read the script. ggg. Fixed a bug that causes the shell to delete DEL characters in the expanded value of variables used in the same quoted string as variables that expand to nothing. hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value from an assignment like (( x=7 )) when `x' was an existing array variable. iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating sequences and the boundary values overflow an intmax_t. jjj. Fixed a bug caused expansion errors if an expansion of "$@" appeared next to another expansion (e.g.. "${@}${x}"). kkk. Fixed a potential buffer overflow bug when performing /dev/fd expansion. lll. Fixed a bug that resulted in an extra semicolon being added to compound assignments when they were added to the history list. mmm. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to read one extra line from the input. nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the mail checking code to use uninitialized values. ooo. Fixed a bug that prevented history timestamps from being saved if the history comment character is unset. ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the case-modifying expansions to not work with multibyte characters. qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the edit-and-execute bindable readline command to see the wrong data if invoked in the middle of a multi-line quoted string. rrr. Fixed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong exit status for a background command on systems that recycle PIDs very quickly. sss. Fixed a bug that caused asynchronous group commands to not run any EXIT trap defined in the body of the command. ttt. Fixed a bug that caused `eval "... ; return"' to not clean up properly. uuu. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if `read' reads an escaped IFS whitespace character. vvv. Fixed a bug that caused BASH_COMMAND to be set to an incorrect value when executing a (...) subshell. www. Fixed a couple of pointer aliasing bugs with the token string in arithmetic evaluation. xxx. Fixed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading the `do' keyword followed by whitespace. yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to seg fault if the time given to the printf %(...)T format overflowed the value accepted by localtime(3). zzz. Fixed a problem with displaying help topics in two columns when the translated text contained multibyte characters. aaaa. Fixed a bug with the extended globbing pattern matcher where a `*' was followed by a negated extended glob pattern. bbbb. Fixed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that caused the child process to be reaped before the various coproc shell variables were initialized. cccc. Fixed a bug where turning off `errexit' in command substitution subshells was not reflected in $SHELLOPTS. dddd. Partially fixed an inconsistency in how the shell treated shell functions run from an EXIT trap. eeee. Fixed a bug in how the shell invalidated FIFOs used for process substitution when executing a pipeline (once rather than in every child). ffff. Fixed a bug that occurred when expanding a special variable ($@, $*) within double quotes and the expansion resulted in an empty string. gggg. Fixed bugs with executing a SIGCHLD trap handler to make sure that it's executed once per exited child. hhhh. Fixed a bug that caused `declare' and `test' to find variables that had been given attributes but not assigned values. Such variables are not set. iiii. Fixed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not look in the local temporary environment when performing word expansions. jjjj. Fixed several problems with globstar expansions (**/**) returning null filenames and multiple instances of the same pathname. kkkk. Fixed an oversight that did not allow the exit status of `coproc' to be inverted using `!'. llll. Fixed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using `set -e' even when executing in a context where -e is ignored. mmmm. Fixed a (mostly theoretical) bug with input lines longer than SIZE_MAX. nnnn. Fixed a bug that could result in double evaluation of command substitutions when they appear in failed redirections. oooo. Fixed a bug that could cause seg faults during `mapfile' callbacks if the callback unsets the array variable mapfile is using. pppp. Fixed several problems with variable assignments using ${var:=value} when the variable assignment is supposed to have side effects. qqqq. Fixed a bug that caused a failure of an assignment statement preceding a builtin caused the next invocation of a special builtin to exit the shell. rrrr. Fixed several problems with IFS when it appears in the temporary environment and is used in redirections. ssss. Fixed a problem that caused IFS changes using ${IFS:=value} to modify how preceding expansions were split. tttt. Fixed a problem that caused subshells to not run an EXIT trap they set. uuuu. Fixed a problem that caused shells started in posix mode to attempt to import shell functions with invalid names from the environment. We now print a warning. vvvv. Worked around a kernel problem that caused SIGCHLD to interrupt open(2) on a FIFO used for process substitution, even if the SIGCHLD handler was installed with the SA_RESTART flag. wwww. Fixed a problem that resulted in inconsistent expansion of $* and ${a[*]}. xxxx. Fixed a problem that caused `read -t' to crash when interrupted by SIGINT. yyyy. Fixed a problem that caused pattern removal to fail randomly because the pattern matcher read beyond the end of a string. zzzz. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when shell functions tried to create local shadow copies of special variables like GROUPS. aaaaa. Fixed a bug that caused SIGTERM to be occasionally lost by children of interactive shells when it arrived before the child process reset the handler from SIG_DFL. bbbbb. Fixed a bug that caused redirections like <&n- to leave file descriptor n closed if executed with a builtin command. ccccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect completion quoting when completing a word containing a globbing character with `show-all-if-ambiguous' set. ddddd. Fixed a bug that caused printf's %q format specifier not to quote a tilde even if it appeared in a location where it would be subject to tilde expansion. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that did not allow the `dd', `cc', or `yy' vi editing mode commands to work on the entire line. b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay problems with prompts longer than 128 characters and history searches. c. Fixed a bug that caused readline to try and run code to modify its idea of the screen size in a signal handler context upon receiving a SIGWINCH. d. Fixed a bug that caused the `meta' key to be enabled beyond the duration of an individual call top readline(). e. Added a workaround for a wcwidth bug in Mac OS X that caused readline's redisplay to mishandle zero-width combining characters. f. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when a multiple-key sequence caused it to break out of an incremental search. g. Fixed bugs that caused readline to execute code in a signal handler context if interrupted while reading from the file system during completion. h. Fixed a bug that caused readline to `forget' part of a key sequence when reading an unbound multi-character key sequence. i. Fixed a bug that caused Readline's signal handlers to be installed beyond the bounds of a single call to readline(). j. Fixed a bug that caused the `.' command to not redo the most recent `R' command in vi mode. k. Fixed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in readline using the wrong match. l. Paren matching now works in vi insert mode. m. Fix menu-completion to make show-all-if-ambiguous and menu-complete-display-prefix work together. n. Fixed a bug that didn't allow the `cc', `dd', or `yy' commands to be redone in vi editing mode. o. Fixed a bug that caused the filename comparison code to not compare multibyte characters correctly when using case-sensitive or case-mapping comparisons. p. Fixed the input reading loop to call the input hook function only when there is no terminal input available. q. Fixed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character key sequence where the sequence and macro value share a common prefix to not perform the macro replacement. r. Fixed several redisplay errors with multibyte characters and prompts containing invisible characters when using horizontal scrolling. s. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when trying to overwrite existing characters using multibyte characters. 3. New Features in Bash a. The `helptopic' completion action now maps to all the help topics, not just the shell builtins. b. The `help' builtin no longer does prefix substring matching, so `help read' does not match `readonly'. c. The shell can be compiled to not display a message about processes that terminate due to SIGTERM. d. Non-interactive shells now react to the setting of checkwinsize and set LINES and COLUMNS after a foreground job exits. e. There is a new shell option, `globasciiranges', which, when set to on, forces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as if they were run in the C locale. f. There is a new shell option, `direxpand', which makes filename completion expand variables in directory names in the way bash-4.1 did. g. In Posix mode, the `command' builtin does not change whether or not a builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin. h. The `return' and `exit' builtins accept negative exit status arguments. i. The word completion code checks whether or not a filename containing a shell variable expands to a directory name and appends `/' to the word as appropriate. The same code expands shell variables in command names when performing command completion. j. In Posix mode, it is now an error to attempt to define a shell function with the same name as a Posix special builtin. k. When compiled for strict Posix conformance, history expansion is disabled by default. l. The history expansion character (!) does not cause history expansion when followed by the closing quote in a double-quoted string. m. `complete' and its siblings compgen/compopt now takes a new `-o noquote' option to inhibit quoting of the completions. n. Setting HISTSIZE to a value less than zero causes the history list to be unlimited (setting it 0 zero disables the history list). o. Setting HISTFILESIZE to a value less than zero causes the history file size to be unlimited (setting it to 0 causes the history file to be truncated to zero size). p. The `read' builtin now skips NUL bytes in the input. q. There is a new `bind -X' option to print all key sequences bound to Unix commands. r. When in Posix mode, `read' is interruptible by a trapped signal. After running the trap handler, read returns 128+signal and throws away any partially-read input. s. The command completion code skips whitespace and assignment statements before looking for the command name word to be completed. t. The build process has a new mechanism for constructing separate help files that better reflects the current set of compilation options. u. The -nt and -ot options to test now work with files with nanosecond timestamp resolution. v. The shell saves the command history in any shell for which history is enabled and HISTFILE is set, not just interactive shells. w. The shell has `nameref' variables and new -n(/+n) options to declare and unset to use them, and a `test -R' option to test for them. x. The shell now allows assigning, referencing, and unsetting elements of indexed arrays using negative subscripts (a[-1]=2, echo ${a[-1]}) which count back from the last element of the array. y. The {x} operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default). 4. New Features in Readline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha, and the previous version, bash-4.0-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained in command substitution when the substitution is read. b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable completion using a shell function. c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong time. d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the `exit' builtin. e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative array assignments and expansions. f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to be converted to an indexed array. g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set $? to a value > 128. h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process substitution inside shell functions. i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the `read' builtin timed out. j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the expanded terms. k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when used with a simple command with additional redirections. l. Fixed a bug with the case statement ;& terminator that caused the shell to dereference a NULL pointer. m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion. n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation: every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the shell to exit. o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty. p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they execute. q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in the `fc' builtin. r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV) multiple times. s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the history list when reading here documents. t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed array access. u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash. v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion. w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names and the contents of the current directory to be omitted. x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled. y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline state, occasionally causing it to hang. z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it encountered an unsearchable directory. aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the path set by the -p option. bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some compound array assignments. cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline. dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed during a shell assignment statement. ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion. ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion functions that could leave it set to -1. gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit. hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the completion function in which compopt was executed. ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared when HOSTNAME was unset. jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in any temporary environment. kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms, respectively). This affects filename completion (using new rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay. ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit. mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to not contain the correct number of digits. nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned to index "0". oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion. pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors. qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion. rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every directory, not just those matching `path'. ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters. 2. Changes to Readline a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if one arrives while in the middle of redisplay. b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater than one second are handled better. c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen. d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal scroll mode. e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing filenames. f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to wrap. g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters was bound. h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...' single-quoted strings. i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and \]. j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after encountering a multibyte character. 3. New Features in Bash a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline. b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file system ACLs into account on file systems that support them. c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid shell variable names through into the environment passed to child processes. d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command executes. e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices. f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty" completion: completion attempted on an empty command line. g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion: a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions as completion is attempted by having the default completion function install individual completion functions each time it is invoked. h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted. i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries are presented first. j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the ERR trap. k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting to parse commands. l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to forward all history entries to syslog. m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to child processes. n. There is a new configure option that forces the extglob option to be enabled by default. o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace output to that file descriptor. p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator. q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string comparison according to the current locale. r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a' when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c. s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility. t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only. u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS characters, ignoring delimiters like newline. 4. New Features in Readline a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward. b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default, and C-p to menu-complete-backward. c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how historical vi behaves. d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having to bind all keys. e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used to rewrite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are compared to the word to be completed. f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather than inserted into the line. g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version. h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding to keyboard-generated signals. i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key that enables eight-bit characters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release, and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the strerror error text if the call changes errno. b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps). c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on individual words within a variable's value. d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an interactive shell. e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line read. f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive shell. g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler. h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier in the format string on 64-bit systems. i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~' appeared in $IFS. j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution. k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be capped at 100%. l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus of Posix shell standardization working group. m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under certain circumstances. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later history expansion. b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a signal handler. 3. New Features in Bash a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1, and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command substitution was followed immediately by a quoted newline. b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2, and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not PIPESTATUS. b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a leading tilde that exists in the current directory. c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing redirections attached to a compound command. d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters. e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a terminating signal was received while performing output. f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process substitutions during word completion. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale. b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible characters spanning more than two physical screen lines. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta, and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization while parsing Posix-style command substitutions. b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non- empty string. c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol to be treated as if the conversion had been successful. d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before a negative return value, as Posix requires. e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty string for a value rather than no value. f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list. g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize `var' to the empty string. h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when line editing is not active. i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status. j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command run with `bash -c' under some circumstances. k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when running commands with `eval'. l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes. m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the target to behave incorrectly. n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS. o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS was unset. 2. Changes to Readline 3. New Features in Bash a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is input available to be read from the specified file descriptor. b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged mode. c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word, which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters and honor shell quoting. d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word. 4. New Features in Readline a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha, and the previous version, bash-3.2-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including comment parsing and quoted string handling. b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing. c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered file descriptors it used internally. d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global replacement specifier. e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions that caused hangs and crashes. f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused it to refer to incorrect jobs. g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions. h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!. i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non- regular files such as devices or named pipes. j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred on some systems. k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory. l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary files under some circumstances. m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not be cleaned up. n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared in the initial shell environment. o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted) when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes apply to arrays subscripted with * or @. p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred when $IFS was set to the empty string. q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions. r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs. s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state. t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be doubled when escaped with a backslash. u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup. v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin reads a line continued with a backslash. w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained characters used for internal quoting. x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being completely displayed on some systems. y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on the shell's output file descriptor. z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors. aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion errors. bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and waiting for 4096 jobs. cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under certain circumstances. dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances. ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10 when they were used in redirections. ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard input when called as `bash -i script'. gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results. hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters. ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function to an external form. jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty as its controlling terminal before enabling job control. kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character. ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default. mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement strings were empty. nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all further evaluation. oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes in the pathname as quoting characters. pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause memory to be overwritten. qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for the `-c' and `-f' options. rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged. ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde. tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters. uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections attached to a compound command failed. vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell. ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite memory. xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and make sure the exit status is correct when it does. yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the wrong process group. zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be subject to pathname expansion and word splitting. aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a command substitution or `eval' command. bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when processing the -n and -d options. ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the first character of $IFS was not whitespace. ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion. eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion. fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the history list under certain circumstances. ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found in $PATH. hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word found via command completion when the shell was performing case- insensitive completion. iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to source/. even when it contained a `/'. jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ. kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when run in a startup file or from a sourced file. lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator. mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments to persist in the shell environment. nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current command line. ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements. ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the command was supposed to be ignored. qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment. rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a backslash. sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself to execute a shell script. ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been saved to the history. uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter. vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to not persist. www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin as Posix specifies. xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to short-circuit any executing compound command. yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was used to short-circuit a loop's execution. zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of "${array[*]}". aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic expression. bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters. cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process group was changed by a child of a child of the shell. dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which prevented them from being re-read as input. eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale. ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to the history list. gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte characters. b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately set the mark. c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode). d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken away and reads return -1/EIO. e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing invisible characters. f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to the default after an application-specified completion function changed it. g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using a locale supporting multibyte characters. h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th character of buffered input. i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up. j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters or no characters following the final newline. k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible characters. l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in succession which caused characters to be dropped. m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialization. n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly and therefore unrepeatable. o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal. p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures during redisplay. q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a very long line (over 130,000 characters). r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing characters. 3. New Features in Bash a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list. b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically rather than horizontally. c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of the current shell. d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a simple command. e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and report any running or stopped jobs at exit. f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to a character describing the type of completion being attempted. g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB). h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash will try again several times before reporting failure. i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as readline when breaking the command line into a list of words. j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in Posix mode, as Posix specifies. k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out, it returns an exit status greater than 128. l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command. m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number of threads) options. n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes (or function values and attributes if used with -f). o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify completion options for existing completions or the completion currently being executed. p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply buffer when using readline. q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default behavior for completion on an empty line. r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing globbing characters. s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly follow man page format. t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description, and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format. u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a given file. v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the function arguments. w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within them, when appropriate) recursively. x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during completion. y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout values. z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the same number of digits. aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'. It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list. bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT, respectively. cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output and standard error to the named file. dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects the standard error for a command through a pipe. ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the statement rather than terminating the command. ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current action, rather than terminating the command. gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace the intervening characters with `...'. hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally- configured feature to include capitalization operators. ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them. jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options. There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at assignment. kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables with coproc-specific names. 4. New Features in Readline a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if applications do this). b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete. c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections (like redisplay). d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state flag values. e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum number of entries in the history list. f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions browsing' mode. g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion generators. h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'. i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is executed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release, and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances. b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to ignore empty string arguments. c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time. d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the prompt was one character longer than the screen width. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta, and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as white space. b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and process substitution. c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment variables. d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin. e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in a multi-byte locale. f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return incorrect results. g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the result of a trap, as the documentation states. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing the prompt and input line multiple times. b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection. c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline(). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha, and the previous version, bash-3.1-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile. b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin. c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit status. d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments. e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte character support) f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable of the same name from a previous context. g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions if a timeout occurs. h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to override the default value. i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error messages when presented with invalid operators. j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling. k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value). l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors. m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring SIGINT. n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being recognized as login shells. o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal to a process group other than the foreground shell process group. p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}. q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context -- but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT). r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a valid matched brace expansion construct. s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function operands to be valid shell identifiers. t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases. u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set. v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr when not in posix mode. w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to match periods with certain patterns. x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename generation in directories with thousands of files. y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs. z. The inheritance of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode. aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of members of the DIRSTACK array. bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain constructs. cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories while searching $PATH. dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf() replacement. ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded shell comments into account. ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an arithmetic substitution. gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances. hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash was started rather than the system's "native" locale). ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even when closed explicitly by a script. jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting inside double-quoted command substitutions. kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the last element of a pipeline inside a shell function. ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in the jobs list. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line. b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte and multibyte character redisplay. c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the sequence \M-\C-x. d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being undone and redone properly. e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone properly. f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea of whether or not the terminal can autowrap. g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of convert-meta and use \e where appropriate. h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name, since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted, even if no other changes are made. i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt. j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn multiple times in a multibyte locale. k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the wrong function. l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when using multi-character keyboard macros. m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was re-executed under certain conditions. n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting to display a portion of the prompt. 3. New Features in Bash a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that combination doesn't make any sense. b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit process substitution. c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34]. d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires. e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character. f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators. 4. New Features in Readline a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing poll-like behavior. b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as the default last-ditch startup file. c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line terminators. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release, and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2. 1. Changes to Readline a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with prompts containing invisible characters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2, and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's eventually attached to a background job. b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code. c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to directories with leading `-'. d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale. b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the wrong keymap in vi mode. 3. New Features in Bash a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now override the true terminal size. 4. New Features in Readline a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of what the kernel returns. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1, and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current pipeline while in the middle of modifying it. b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters to be passed to opendir(). c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case. d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec. e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors. f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan backslash-escaped pattern characters. g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling a SIGWINCH. h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an error when processing here documents. i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin. j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries. k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was run as the shell's exit status. 2. New Features in Bash 3. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to not work correctly. b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode was entered, as Posix specifies. c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong place. 4. New Features in Readline a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns a string corresponding to a readline variable's value. b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables before checking them. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1, and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Added some system-specific signal names. b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to manipulate the limit on file locks. c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable when not using subscript syntax. d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated macros. e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command. f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'. g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline. h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place. i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function from being executed when in a subshell. j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when searching $PATH for a file to source. k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS was declared local, then unset. l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0. m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD. n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard input and reading data from the same file. o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute pathnames to be displayed incorrectly. p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance. q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than simply ignoring it. r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR. s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code. t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...} parameter expansion. u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history. v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins on some systems. w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are not cpp defines. x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings. y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment was intended to solve. z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large. aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined. 2. Changes to Readline a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte characters. b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows DLL naming conventions for Cygwin. c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed SIGWINCH. d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing buffer. e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines when assigning to boolean variables. f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte characters. 3. New Features in Bash a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will build bash to be POSIX conforming by default. 4. New Features in Readline a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-3.0-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array. b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before attempting globbing word completion. c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute. d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string containing multibyte characters. e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal disposition to child processes. f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries. g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance. h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance. i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not found -- it should be silent. j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them. k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt extended pattern matching. l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128. m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is non-zero. n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled incorrectly. o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion. p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x, Cygwin q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled. r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory name. s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash table. t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when expanding long lists. u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the wrong values. v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors. w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed. x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements. y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the `in' on another. z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances. aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte characters. bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size drops to 0, even if the times don't change. cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH, and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH. dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or in a double-quoted parameter expansion). ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements, so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no longer double-expanded. ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong process group. gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time. hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or `time' is NULL. ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin. jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in POSIX mode. kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created. ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \ to be removed when parsing a $'...' construct. mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted. nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset during a function's execution. oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function. pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a scalar variable. qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded under certain circumstances. rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being executed). ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing a shell function as a result of word completion. tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings. uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a subshell environment. vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs, but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires. ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \ that caused things like ((echo 5) \ (echo 6)) to not work correctly. xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links when in posix mode, as POSIX requires. yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH. zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space, tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as SUSv3/XPG6 require. aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require. bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor. ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return value was being inverted. ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if PWD was unset. eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the purposes of `read -n'. fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child process to be forked at the right time. ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1. hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash. iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment to leave them set when `unset' completed. jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the shell didn't exit. kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//', for those systems on which `//' has special meaning. lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to close the wrong file descriptors. mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background processes unless job control is active. nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s' from adding all the commands to the history list. ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in all its contexts (still not perfect). ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution. qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non- interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore). rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned up properly when a `return' is executed. sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash to directory names in the command. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed incorrectly. b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current line correctly. c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width. d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather than the last line in the history list. e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters. f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters. g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters, h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt string when it contains multibyte characters. i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes no `/' to be appended to a directory name. j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained multibyte characters. k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters. l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry. m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting of the `convert-meta' variable. n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte characters correctly. o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted. p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation). q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for additional input. r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW. s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in callback mode. t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty. 3. New Features in Bash a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display tracks the current locale. b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created as `invisible' variables and may not be unset. c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires. d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify. e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde expansion. f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative. g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals), -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks). h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job specifier. i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands that accept assignment statements. j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed. k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running in an emacs terminal window. l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation. m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters to be emptied when the variable is unset. n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word splitting. o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup. p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores case when used by `case' and `[[' commands. q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output to be placed into var instead of on stdout. r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE. s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables. 4. New Features in Readline a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically bound to delete-char. b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the completion list. c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero, readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline equivalents when it's called (on by default). d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound to this in vi command mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release, and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion functions. b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit. c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in the file system. d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before reading the startup files. e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line before beginning a non-interactive search. b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook. c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric arguments. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1, and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled. b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem. c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@. d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode when the file system had changed underneath the shell. e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding operators were separated by whitespace. f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list, counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.) g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters. h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'. i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied. j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name. k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require. l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for secure temporary file creation. m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames longer than PATH_MAX characters. n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables with identical names. o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX bytes. p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument is specified. q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented with a mask of all 0s. r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX appears to specify. s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires this. t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the right kind of filename generation). 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when moving between history lines while doing searches. b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings containing multibyte characters. c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'. d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work incorrectly. e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command to not be remembered across different command lines. f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of the line. 3. New Features in Bash a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation even if job control is not enabled. b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument. 4. New Features in Readline a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the `mark-directories' option has been enabled. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1, and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell. b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the calling shell. c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before the parent. d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2 compliance. e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code. f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse arrays. g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause the exit trap to be run. h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")". i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup files are honored. j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit status of the shell. k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a compound array assignment statement. l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of expansions. m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the shell think it was still running the trap. n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions. o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command rather than being a syntax error. p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do. q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted command name was being completed. r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal with multibyte characters better (and faster). s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes. t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored at shell startup. u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to not work correctly. v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using `read -a'. w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first character of $IFS was not a space. x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a `>&word' redirection. y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly if the system temporary directory did not allow writing. 2. Changes to Readline a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word one, as the documentation states. b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of multibyte characters. c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code. d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's next-to-last character. e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed contained backslashes quoting word break characters. f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains invisible characters. g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line. h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings. i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters used as history word delimiters. 3. New Features in Bash a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?. c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's messages can be translated into different languages. d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'. e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify the error as coming from bash. 4. New Features in Readline a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion function. b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word. c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted. Set before readline calls any application completion function. d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows the word break characters to vary based on position in the line. e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha, and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options defined. b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf. c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already- read and buffered script to be discarded. d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain circumstances. e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over a null wide character when doing string operations. f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout. g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD. h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic commands. i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core when the expanded string is null. j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform variable assignments while expanding the expression. k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when IFS is set, but null. l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an open brace to inhibit brace expansion. m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to not be recognized as a restricted shell. n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps to an invalid location and result in a core dump. o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with `history -n'. p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX. q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned. r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional core dumps. s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being entered and parsed. t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when $IFS is used to split. u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale variable values when LC_ALL is unset. v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched. w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null and `set -x' is enabled. x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL. y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before reporting the existence of new mail. z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default. aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments. bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting to use a command containing a slash. cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match when performing ${param/word/} expansion. dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search a command's temporary environment to expand variable values. ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words because an aliase's value ends with a space. ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires. gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT before resending SIGINT to itself. hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND. ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print the results. jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the expansions ends with a space. kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a list of variables. ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt string if the shell is started with editing disabled. mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing quoted null character removal. nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the line number (aids the bash debugger). oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional commands, for commands, and select commands. pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties, rather than alloca(). qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'. rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following a `*' when extglob is enabled. ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is invoked in a function to misbehave. tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped by the internal shell string quoting functions. uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'. vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist in the current shell. ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was expanding a multiline alias. xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command changed the compspec. yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print notifications of completed jobs. zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb' (which is what emacs shell windows do). aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without a leading `SIG'. bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple builtin commands. ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias', so the output cannot be used as subsequent input. ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling to its original disposition if it is. eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the pattern substitution and removal expansions. fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]}, $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code. ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased. hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time. (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.) iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size changes if a child process exits due to a signal. jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the current directory. kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all. lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class , which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes. mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them. nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when invoked as `-c command'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the multibyte character code. b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations. c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly. d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even when more is available. e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide characters. f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip every other match. g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales. h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode. i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment variables. j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as part of bash. k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo. l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code. m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read keyboard input. n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command. o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings(). p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale. q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes. r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode. s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using SA_RESTART. t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using multibyte characters. u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files. v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for quoted substrings on which to perform completion. w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the history list. 3. New Features in Bash a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape. b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin. c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's idea of word break characters. d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion will actually be performed. e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits more extensibility and backwards compatibility. f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines matching a line being added to be removed from the history list. g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte character support to be disabled even on systems that support it. h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING, BASH_COMMAND i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array variable. j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information for the debugger. k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active). l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new `extdebug' shell option. m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts. n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case' command. o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger support code. p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information if the `extdebug' option is set. q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a function or sourced script forces a `return'. r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger. s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is executed, for the debugger. t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is enabled. u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1, x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1. v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices) of array. w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if they're the only possibilities. x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu style' (filename:lineno:message) format. y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't result in a match. z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the possible completions. aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without job control. bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out timestamp information when the history file is written. cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching. dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default) to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]]. ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new BASH_REMATCH array variable. ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname expansion fails to produce a match. gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last one. 4. New Features in Readline a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier for compatibility with the BSD csh. b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g' modifier, which performs a substitution once per word. c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of replacing the current line with the history line. d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with `.'. e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed. f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function. g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated with each entry. h. Four new key binding functions have been added: rl_bind_key_if_unbound() rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map() rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound() rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release, and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job specifications. b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if $EMACS == `t'. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero. b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness. c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option to not take effect. d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual command approached 64. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte characters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters. b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'. c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for. d. malloc updated again: o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making sure they match in free/realloc o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer completely wasted o block coalescing now enabled by default o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most common size requested o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and aborts o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than being computed at run time o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to make it worthwhile o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent on its presence. f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to save and restore the parsing state. g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G' floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant. h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to unset a previously-unset variable or function. i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash for different systems. j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames containing commas. k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls to strlen(). l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not already have a value. m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with trap handlers. n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's execution. o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by EOF. 2. New Features in Bash a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure. b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except `echo'. c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/ POSIX.1-2001 compliance. 3. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters. b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters. c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters) was longer than the screen width. d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that occurred on systems with support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte characters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers. b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument passing errors when using pointers to functions. c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously, the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the actual working directory. d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode). e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest history position in range when given an out-of-range argument. f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in the history list from the shell startup files. g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands. h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `=' and `:'. i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in $PWD. j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output when the `-v' option had been enabled. k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W'). l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page. m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis. n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement. o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on the line being read. p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails. q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS. r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell. s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by command substitutions in some cases. t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand the word following the alias. u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments. v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier. w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the `-u' option when expanding variable names. x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented (e.g., b[7]++). y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales. z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment. aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit trap in a non-interactive shell. bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter failed for some reason. cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;' after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input. dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag. ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion functions. ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time. gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated code has been removed. hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small functions. This should make eventual message translation easier. ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell is not interactive. jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is unset, so side effects will take place. kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough. ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait' builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate. mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'. nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires. oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything. pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit). This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually cheap, add up. qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now, and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and caching words and word lists, which were the major users of malloc/free. ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment. tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal masking system calls. uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other does not exist. vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion results. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values. b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by HOME and END keys. c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible. d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it from printing empty strings in certain circumstances. e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e. f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation. g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input file descriptor is invalidated. h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a custom redisplay function. i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc. j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly. 3. New Features in Bash a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin. b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and `-P' forces a $PATH search. c. New code to handle multibyte characters. d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL. The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option. e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be appended to names which are symlinks to directories. f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command, like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode. g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching. h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X. i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts the result into the expanded prompt. j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long. k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted. l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set. m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses readline's appending a space to the completed word. n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word. o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use the old output would result in syntax errors). p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at allocation and free time. q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service' option to complete on names from /etc/services. r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor. s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop. t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more intuitively. u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the argument if it contains non-printing characters. v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named function. Currently has no effect on variables. w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands, [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops. x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as POSIX-2001 requires. y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like, and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code from Gary Vaughan. z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup and close). aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'. bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table. 4. New Features in Readline a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi insert mode. b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results. This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on). c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters. d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories' variable (default is the 2.05a behavior). e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text f. New application-settable completion variable: rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending slashes to names which are symlinks to directories. g. New function available to application completion functions: rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list completions, etc.). h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode' bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'. i. New application-settable completion variable: rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of rl_completion_append_character to completed words. j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string, DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release, and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier. b. Improved the random number generator slightly. c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since it messes up some includes. d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual. e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked through and caused compilation problems. f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion code. g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show up in LIBOBJS. h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when required. i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work around buggy compilers. j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could potentially cause a core dump. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command. b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause include file problems. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1, and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form' of the %g and %G conversions. b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and %G conversions. c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_' when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards). d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints. e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred, mostly as the result of systems using signed characters. f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int. g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member. h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu) work better. i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion. j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh. k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax, strtoumax. l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument passed to printf(3). m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to have more systematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in. n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them. o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer size passed as an argument. p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in . q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf). When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise. r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion. s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null command containing a command substutition was executed in the function. t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600. u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables if they're not in the initial environment. v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value, bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been performed. w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment. x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE, even if it assigns them default values. y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT if they appear in the initial environment. z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented out in the distributed version. aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC. bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented. cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks. dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'. ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the same command. ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of the temporary directory to use. gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc. hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting. ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)). jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with `bash -c'. 2. New Features in Bash a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're implemented by printf(3). b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f). c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the value is assigned. 3. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred. b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of the array used to hold the marks. c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed. d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros. e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in . f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before the beginning of the line. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in the evaluation of arithmetic `for' statements when the expanded expression is NULL. b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code. c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header files and to static function declarations in C source files. d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function declarations from C source files that were already included in header files. e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction now is for unwind-protects. f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables. g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail directories. h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error messages. i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option. j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated and freed memory. k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?. i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long, and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently. j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert. k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making local variables. l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for compatibility with ksh. m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting overflows. n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer, because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'. o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for compatibility with other shells. p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L' formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been simplified where appropriate. q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long. r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents. s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the generated names a bit more random. t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype functions. u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default. v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and simplify the code. w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits. x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile time rather than using huge constants for things like long long. y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'. z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation), restoring 8-byte alignment. aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line number of the call that caused the error. bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default, since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported. b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to execute scripts without a leading `#!'. c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell. d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390. e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard input redirected from a file. f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH. g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode. h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed on `word'. i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success if called when the shell is not executing a loop. j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'. k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.' would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the commands. l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell. m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells. n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode. o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall. b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so `set keymap EMACS' works. c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful status on error. d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand(). 3. New Features in Bash a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution. 4. New Features in Readline a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns readline's idea of the screen dimensions. b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function) is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()). c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old variable is maintained for backwards compatibility. d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default value is as before. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd. b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and cached. c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching. d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation. f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin). g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases. h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly. i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state manipulation. j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it faster. k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote inside a $'...' construct. l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf. m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to not be honored. n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor opened on a shell script to close on exec. o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters. p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single argument that is not `]'. q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.', where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command) r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script run with `.'). s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values when the shell is started. t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script called `wait'. u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory named by $TMPDIR. v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables not declared in readline.h. w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}. x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it appears in the initial environment. y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!' being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if such a script attempted to execute `return'. z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong return values if one of the file arguments did not exist. aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a command like `(command) &'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix. b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion functions. c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before the beginning of the line in vi mode. d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions). e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like /dev/null). f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg, rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func. g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards compatibility. 3. New Features in Bash a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks in pathname arguments. b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function definitions in a way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and `declare -p' as well. 4. New Features in Readline a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt): expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result. b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols): public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen dimensions. c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one of the examples. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-2.04-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments. b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values. c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an unset variable within a sourced file. d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when doing pattern substitution. e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename. f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character matched. g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather than generating a separate field. h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@, when double-quoted. i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the parser ignores them on input. j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns -1/ECHILD from waitpid(). k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the current directory. l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading `SIG' in the signal specification. m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be messed up by a compound array assignment. n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines where ints and pointers are not the same size. o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X. p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places. q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in a (...) subshell. r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails. s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is binary before reading commands from it. t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process group. u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved. v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a multi-line command. w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns. x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This means that constructs like { { echo a b c ; } } work as expected. y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their arguments. z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed. aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME. bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better. cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security. dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and key bindings after the readline defaults are set up. ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters. ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should not be split, like assignment statements. gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression off at the wrong `:'. hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies. ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly. jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator. kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape expansion for the `%b' format specifier. ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH. mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled. nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's environment when it starts up. oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like `command exec 4(...) expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has finished executing. f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue' builtin correctly. g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32. 2. New Features in Bash a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc' (which is still there for backwards compatibility). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'. b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range. c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively. d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like `compgen -C xyz' gracefully. e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing profiling again on certain systems. f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it, after a process exits due to a signal. g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary environment and the bash getenv() replacement. h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export. i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings with embedded newlines. j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment. k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \ has a special meaning to the parser. l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions. m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x. n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code. o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly. p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted effects in certain locales. q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was. r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the same as a redirector specified by the user. s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline' in `time ! pipeline'. t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous processes in a shell script. u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?. v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started with `/' and an expansion error occurs. w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory. x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern string prefixed with `%' or `#'. y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if started with `-n'. z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue execution. aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell is restricted. bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there are no unwaited-for children. cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in the subshell started to run the command. dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser state. ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends. ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the history expansion if the `histverify' option was set. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line breaks. b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode. c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in this case. d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape sequences is redrawn correctly. 3. New Features in Bash a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options. b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring expansion. b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE. d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2. e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with the `--login' option. f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if IFS contained characters > 128. g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon may be used as expected. h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables. i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled. j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin). 2. Changes to Readline a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing the history file on cygwin32. 3. New Features in Bash a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands: complete and compgen. b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the programmable completion features (enabled by default). c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable completion at runtime. d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion. 4. New Features in Readline a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real' readline library or some substitute. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel, and the previous version, bash-2.03-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if JOB_CONTROL was not defined. c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed. d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further expansion. e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote, for ksh-93 compatibility. f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings option. g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '. h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...) patterns better. i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on the file descriptor from which bash is reading input. j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better operation on MS-DOS. k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash as a pathname separator on MS-DOS. l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include' subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed. m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many fewer read(2) system calls. n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are supplied at shell invocation. o. Several improvements were made to the completion code: variable completion now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain unclosed $(... constructs. p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug). q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster. r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable has a value when `make install' is run. s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately when bash is started by sshd. t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported. u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in the wrong order was fixed. v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment statements in compound array assignments was fixed. w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was simplified considerably and should work better now. x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background process. y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for % format specifiers. 2. Changes to Readline a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a regular file. b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on systems with signed chars was fixed. c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was called. d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname filenames. e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS. f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS. g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS. h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS. i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C. j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before the start of the prompt string. k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2). l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite recursion in signal handlers. m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward was given a very large numeric argument. n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly. 3. New Features in Bash a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry at position `offset'. b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name. c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell commands. d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line. e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage synopsis. f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement), expr1 , expr2 (comma operator). g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command: for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options: -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line -d delim read until delim rather than newline -s don't echo input chars as they are read i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially: /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or not they are present in the file system. j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host. k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented. l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect. m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently discarded. This means it can be unset. 4. New Features in Readline a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is changed. b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename. c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file. d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the line when the string to search for is empty, like {reverse,forward}-search-history. e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails. f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline(). g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to a non-zero value. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release, and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed. b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious failures when using `read -e'. c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE. d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code. e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2. b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4. c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort. d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals are generated. e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes in arguments to [[. f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor. g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x. h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called between calls to `getopts'. i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string. j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes to occasionally have the wrong value for $!. 2. Changes to Readline a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been performed. 3. New Features in Bash 4. New Features in Readline a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'. b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a semicolon is required before the closing brace. b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test to return an exit status > 1. c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'. d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0. e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink. f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns which immediately follow a `*'. g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest of the command. h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system pathnames on some systems. i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely. j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination by `wait'. k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again. l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error. m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support Tenon's MachTen. n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression. 2. Changes to Readline a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common prefix of the list of matches. b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired, which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function. 3. New Features in Bash a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login shell startup files. 4. New Features in Readline a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the only thing typed was a newline. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha, and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7. b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions from the net. c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were changed to not require a compiled program. d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice after a failed exec. e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion due to the non-ascii output. f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script, support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into makefiles by configure. g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a return value. h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE. i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push, mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or loadable builtins from the same source file. j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format string. k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh. l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things like `type -ap' work as expected. m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries are supported. The installed include files are used. n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits. o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*, AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where the `-shared' options works correctly. p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was completed and the -u option was set. q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion. r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation. s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded. t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not compiled into the shell. u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may precede the `time' reserved word. v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32. w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `==' for deciding when to perform pattern matching. x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits with a non-zero status while running the startup files. y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h'). z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history list. aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing `}' in a ${...} expression. bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately. cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now relies on proper behavior from the C library. dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'. ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is generated. 2. Changes to Readline a. The version number is now 4.0. b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files. c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and better support Win32 systems. d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not milliseconds. e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers. f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the source files uncovered by the use of prototypes. g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000. h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better. i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt string length exceeded 1024 characters. j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion if there is only one match. k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs after newlines. 3. New Features in Bash a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files. b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in array assignments (which it probably should have done all along). c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require. d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell. 4. New Features in Readline a. Many changes to the signal handling: o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning; o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU; o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed; o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current line after receiving a signal; o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the display and terminal state after receiving a signal; o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the terminal and display state after an application signal handler returns and readline continues b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of the screen size after a SIGWINCH. c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were previously private functions with a `_' prefix. d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts reading input, after initialization. e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would display the list of completion matches. The new function rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available for use by application functions called via this hook. f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release, and the previous version, bash-2.02-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed. b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained more than 1000 characters. c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same as the current directory when in POSIX mode. d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc, so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned. e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines to put the terminal in the wrong process group. f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop, Unixware 2, and Unixware 7. g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit characters. h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found in $CDPATH when in physical mode. i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in shell functions. j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format string did not consume any of the arguments. k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character. l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16. m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command such as `%2 &' was given. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release, and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a pipeline. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message. b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE. c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file substitutions. d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with dparen arithmetic but without aliases. e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning empty arrays with `bash -c'. f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote. g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed. h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in an assignment statement preceding a command. i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be recognized under certain circumstances. j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote removal is performed. k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems. l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any arguments. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code. b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so error messages look right. c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options. d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format character is encountered. e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's trying to create already exists for some reason. f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like `x+*' expand incorrectly. g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes. h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in the presence of lstat(2) failures. i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'. j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath. k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately when sourcing a script from within another sourced script. l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist' is not. m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error messages. n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables, though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required. o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}. p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy. q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large files. r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot find a value for _CS_PATH. s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if `extglob' is enabled. t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to PWD to not contain any symbolic links. 2. Changes to Readline a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or more of the filenames contains non-printable characters. b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x, Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4. b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info' works correctly. c. PWD is now auto-exported. d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements. e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames. f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller to reduce the shell's memory footprint. g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of being translated into `let "..."'. h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}", and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space character, is unset, or is set to NULL. i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#', `@', and `*'. j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit. k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93. l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set' and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the string or after a `=' or `:'. m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed. n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an interactive shell. o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed. p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing characters, as POSIX.2 specifies. q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement. r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated the same as a numeric response that is out of range. s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'. t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held in an `int'. u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of filenames which already begin with `./'. v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified. w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command. x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching out-of-range jobs. y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal. z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns was fixed. aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell functions were executed in the foreground was fixed. bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats that case identically to being run by rshd. cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell options was changed was fixed. dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current process. ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and `var=value readonly var'. ff. A few memory leaks were fixed. gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies. hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are defined, as POSIX.2 specifies. ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell is interactive. jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd() returning NULL. kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode. ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents to make them less prone to name collisions. mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word only at the beginning of a pipeline. nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as POSIX.2 specifies. oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login shell. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core dump. b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays more error messages. c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history expansion for that word and the rest of the input line. 3. New Features in Bash a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage, and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed. b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many changes and range checking included by default. c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern matching. d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'. e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements extended `test' functionality. f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2 specification. g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed (equivalent to $(cat filename)). h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the directory stack. i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation. j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked: `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically. k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by default. l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included. It is enabled by default. m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled, will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user- specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is interactive. n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format. o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct. p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits. q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a specified keymap. r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs and running jobs, respectively. s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable format. t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument has been modified since it was last accessed. u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format. v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...' translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN in hexadecimal. w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence. x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on a Unix machine. 4. New Features in Readline a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history lines. b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up and down the screen (like `ls'). c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion and matching to be performed case-insensitively. d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to be inserted into the result. e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions). f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing buffer. g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values. h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release, and the previous version, bash-2.01-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's input more strenuously. b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'. c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing $MAILPATH. d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library. e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of the array is cleared before assigning the new value. f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset to the default in the trap command associated with that signal. g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value to LC_ALL. h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...) are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are characters before the `='. i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each word of output. j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them more portable. k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the result. l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when configure is deciding on the default mail directory. m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'. n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells. o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched. q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'. r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error. s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' -- only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted. t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals for which bash does not know the name are trapped. u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until after the startup files are executed. v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a null value. w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free() when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed. x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed. y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer was fixed. z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when interrupted by signals other than SIGINT. aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was an evaluation error in the `eval' command. 2. Changes to Readline a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept readline from compiling cleanly on some systems. b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for better security. c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay is done better. d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly. e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted when completing words was empty was fixed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release, and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it has been created. b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages are printed in English. c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed. d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1 requires. e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed. f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands with relative paths was fixed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit. b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce incorrect results. c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets the trap more than once was fixed. d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null pointer was fixed. e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution. f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something other than SIG_DFL. g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break characters if they appear in a file name. h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!', even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting completion. i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without arguments and there was no current job was fixed. j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution. k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist' shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were fixed. l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a while loop. 2. Changes to Readline a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to free a NULL pointer were fixed. b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale is not `C' or `POSIX'. c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with closedir(). 3. New Features in Bash a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no way to execute it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections. b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in. c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without multiple groups. d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default. e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'. f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6. g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX. h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a here document cannot be created. i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed non-interactive startup. j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open /dev/tty. k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants. l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of $SHELLOPTS. m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS. n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all the shell options. o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit. p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than bison. This came up most often on NetBSD. q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors. r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1. s. Added support for to places where it was missing. t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster. u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made. v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test scripts through Purify. w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of the shell options. 2. Changes to Readline a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out into application-specific function hooks. b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS. c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values. d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the boundaries of the line after the region is deleted. 3. New Features in Bash a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is deficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1, and the previous version, bash-2.0-release. 1. Changes to Bash a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix, MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5. b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2, HP-UX, AIX 4.2. c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of the command could not be found was fixed. d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to race conditions and possible security exploits. e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern substitutions on variable values was fixed. f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism (OpenBSD, QNX, others). g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to arrays are now errors. h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed. i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the ends of the expanded variable value. j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution appeared anywhere on the line was fixed. k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled in a non-interactive shell. l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid instead of a job number was fixed. m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no directory entries match a single-character argument. n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit. o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of various Unix versions. p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters. q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be displayed. r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap string is not freed inappropriately. s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it should be closer to working now. t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be wrong was fixed. u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated. v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell. w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non- interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in quicker startup. x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in a loop. y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic command. z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted filenames beginning with a `.'. aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing (with `fc -e') was fixed. bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer overflows. cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;' inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command substitution. dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed was fixed. ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was fixed. ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands are now handled better. gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with `--disable-readline' was fixed. hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible. ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had been executed instead. jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts' and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed. kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'. ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there are other redirections associated with the command. mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_) is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users of glibc had too many problems with it. nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those listed in the POSIX.2 standard. oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug report. pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix' was executed was fixed. qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded was fixed. rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to be inappropriately freed was fixed. ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||' to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed. tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should. uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the `!' reserved word was fixed. vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed. ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in double quotes was fixed. xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an invalid count argument is supplied. yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if `command -p' is executed with PATH unset. zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix, as POSIX specifies. aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS if there were no shell options set. bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies. ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually creates an array variable. ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background pipelines. 2. Changes to Readline a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on an otherwise empty line was fixed. b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected. c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen width. d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along. e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and their values. f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather than directly by an application. 3. New Features in Bash a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which the user belongs. This is used by the test suite. 4. New Features in Readline a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release, and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3. 1. Changes to Bash a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a required option argument is not present. b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed may have changed the common prefix. c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly. d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion. e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]}) work when within double quotes. f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional parameters. g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'. h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters. i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS. j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized. k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]} expansion. l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'. m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed. n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when inserting text. b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's being entered. c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies. 3. New Features in Bash a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'. b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64. 4. New Features in Readline a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities are present. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3, and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2. 1. Changes to Bash a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX. b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some systems when job control is being used. d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the execute bit set but without a leading `#!'. e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted. f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of elements in an array variable. g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ). h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled. i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable value (${#var}). j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the `no fork' flag inappropriately. k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably. l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the shell changes its own process group. 2. Changes to Readline a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45]. b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than simply entering insert mode. 3. New features in Bash a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more functionality. b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of pathname expansion if strcoll() is available. 4. New Features in Readline a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if strcoll() is available. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2, and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1. 1. Changes to Bash a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'. b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45]. c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on systems with restartable system calls when not using readline. d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default. e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions. f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather than being silently reset. g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error instead of being ignored. h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2. i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed. j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning unsigned values and to simplify the code. k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed. l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences are now quoted to prevent further expansion. m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell, it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile. n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells. 2. Changes to Readline a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not be public. b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code was fixed. 3. New Features in Bash a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure, `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default. b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default. c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1, and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4. 1. Changes to Bash a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the shell treats specially was fixed. b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available. c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be parsed incorrectly. d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on Solaris 2.5. e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be completed. f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr. g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob' option. h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC on systems without gettimeofday() and resources. i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right. j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed. k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double- quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string. l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first thing to an interactive shell was fixed. m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable values was fixed. n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!' were plugged. 2. Changes to Readline a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed. 3. New Features in Bash a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable to format and display timing statistics. b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the POSIX.2 output format. c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup files to bash format. d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION, plus the value of MACHTYPE. 4. New Features in Readline a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter eight-bit mode. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4, and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3. 1. Changes to Bash a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2. b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit. c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...)) correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a consequence. d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument is `!'. e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null. f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed twice. g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the text the user typed in some cases. h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX. i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing `}'. j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is run from a terminal. k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS. l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in $PATH was fixed. m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment statements when not in posix mode. n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode. o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs. p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'. q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same thing on all systems, even Linux. r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly. s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell not using readline is reading a here document. t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line. u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is not read-only. v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it encounters an error. w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read. x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables have been declared at the current level of function nesting. y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function declaration is not a legal identifier. z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not interactive. aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the `cdspell' option. bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2. cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies. 2. Fixes to Readline a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt are redisplayed. b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to work around AIX 4.2 bugs. 3. New Features in Bash a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax sprintf var format [args] This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified variable values. b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14. 4. New Features in Readline a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without accepting the line. b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as if it had been bound to self-insert. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3, and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2. There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0. 1. Changes to Bash a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment statements conforms more closely to historical practice. b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed. c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as binary operators. d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory. e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt expansion code. f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config. g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the NOTES file and do it manually). h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information into the prompt strings. i. The default prompt string now includes the version number. j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -? and incorrect options. k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5. l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of MAXNAMLEN. m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed. n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename, dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to POSIX.2. o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions. p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell library' at some future point. q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature. r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended. s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set, the completion code would remove the user's text. t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available on HPUX systems. u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname completion. v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(), which is usually called by programming_error(). w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed to stderr instead of stdout. x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no commands are executed. y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly. z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.) aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined. bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'. 2. Changes to Readline a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c. b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\ are quoted properly. c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed in item b above. d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on once the first time it's called. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2, and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable. b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP but does not remove the job from the jobs table. c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available. d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to the build directory, so different versions built from the same source tree have different `build versions'. e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.) f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background jobs. g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE). h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like the GNU Coding Standards specify. i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three places after the decimal point. j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed by `jobs' was fixed. k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they work as documented. l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging. m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or sourcing a script with `.'. n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'. o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump core. p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line contained globbing characters. 2. Changes to Readline a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by applications. The current value is "2.1". b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed. c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior. ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix character. This is intended to allow users to terminate searches with the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.